{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:11:16Z","timestamp":1760746276139,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Penicillin's impact on enamel defects remains understudied, particularly regarding its ability to cause structural issues even at therapeutic doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant Wistar rats received daily gavage from gestational day 13\u201322 with saline (control), 130\u2009mg\/kg tetracycline, 50\u2009mg\/kg penicillin, or 100\u2009mg\/kg penicillin. After birth, pups received the same treatment for 12 days. Upper first molars were analyzed for enamel\/dentin thickness, maturation, and histopathological changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tetracycline significantly reduced enamel and dentin thickness, disrupted their development, and caused flattening of the dentin\u2010enamel junction (DEJ) compared to the control group. Penicillin at 100\u2009mg\/kg also significantly decreased enamel and dentin thickness, impaired their maturation, and led to DEJ flattening. At 50\u2009mg\/kg, penicillin did not significantly affect enamel and dentin thickness but still disrupted their development and caused DEJ flattening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Penicillin at 100\u2009mg\/kg adversely affected enamel and dentin development, causing significant defects similar to those caused by tetracycline, although the severity and mechanisms may differ. Even at 50\u2009mg\/kg, penicillin disrupted enamel and dentin development, underscoring the clinical relevance of these findings and the need for caution when prescribing penicillin during pregnancy, even at lower doses, due to its potential to disrupt dental development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1758268762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Penicillin Disrupts Dental Mineralization in Rats: A Comparative Study With Tetracycline Highlighting Prenatal and Postnatal Risks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Mozafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shahed University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fateme Mashhadi","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Mehran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shahed University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Kameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shahed University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motahare","family":"Ahmadvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shahed University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Mohammad","family":"Sharafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist Private Dental Practice Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Omid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1715-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Banakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05628-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Study of Prevalence and Etiology in a Group of Iranian Children","volume":"22","author":"Ahmadi R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.6343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2019.06.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1983.tb00840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_105_22"},{"volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","year":"2018","author":"Brunton L. 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