{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:10:39Z","timestamp":1779174639273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Hypericum perforatum L<\/jats:italic>\n . offers several beneficial effects, for example antioxidant, antitumor, wound healing. Our aim was to ascertain the effect of\n H. perforatum<\/jats:italic>\n extract gum on salivary\n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count, pH, plaque index, and gingival bleeding.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 54 participants were assigned into two groups of gum with or without herbal extract. Unstimulated saliva was collected to assess\n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n and pH.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Statistically significant differences in plaque index were observed between before and after use of gum in both groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). There was a significant difference in plaque index after applying\n H. perforatum<\/jats:italic>\n gum compared to placebo (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). Statistically significant differences in gum bleeding between before and after use of herbal gum were observed (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), but no significant difference was observed in gum bleeding between before and after gum use in placebo group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.24). A significant difference was observed in gum bleeding between herbal and placebo groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). There was significant difference in\n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count between before and after gum use in both groups in two measurements (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). Further, there was a significant difference in\n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count between herbal gum and placebo groups in two measurements (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). Significant differences were observed in salivary pH between before and after consuming gum in herbal gum and placebo groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01 and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003, respectively). No significant difference in salivary pH was observed between two groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.07).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results revealed gum formulation of\n H. perforatum<\/jats:italic>\n extract had significant effects on lowering salivary\n Streptococci mutans<\/jats:italic>\n count, plaque index, and gingival bleeding compared to gum without extract group as well as their amounts before gum use. Although both gums elevated salivary pH, there was no statistically significant difference in short\u2010term measurements. Under the conditions of this study,\n H. perforatum<\/jats:italic>\n gum can be considered a promising adjutant for oral health improvement.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T10:50:42Z","timestamp":1767955842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Assessment of the Effect of\n Hypericum perforatum<\/i>\n Chewing Gum on Salivary\n Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\n Count, pH, Plaque Index, and Gingival Bleeding: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aylin","family":"Jamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Hamishehkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"New Material and Green Chemistry Research Center Khazar University Baku Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Yousef","family":"Memar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Elham","family":"Mousavi Kalajahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Nejati Industrial Group Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Kouhsoltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Kosari\u2010Nasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effect of Persica and Irsha Mouth Rinses on pH of Saliva","volume":"18","author":"Abbasi 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