{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:15:42Z","timestamp":1788279342437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate removable dental prosthesis plaque area coverage assessment methods and conduct a meta\u2010analysis of prosthesis cleanliness status of adult patients wearing removable dental prostheses, quantified by using computerized planimetric assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was registered with PROSPERO and conducted following the principles published by the working group of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. Quality assessments were performed according to a JBI critical appraisal checklist across nine criteria. The results were pooled using a frequentist random effects meta\u2010analysis to estimate the event proportion. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding some studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Initially, 6342 articles were identified. After screening titles and abstracts, 141 studies remained. Ultimately, 57 studies were included in this systematic review. Various visual indices were employed in clinical studies for quantifying dental prosthesis plaque area. A meta\u2010analysis was performed on 12 computerized planimetric assessment studies. The estimated pooled percentage plaque coverage area, as measured using the computerized planimetric assessments, was 37.06% (95% CI: 25.89%\u201348.23%). The heterogeneity in the meta\u2010analysis was \u201cconsiderable.\u201d In a subgroup analysis according to the software used, the heterogeneity within the Adobe Photoshop group was much reduced,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.734).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The existing evidence demonstrated poor removable prosthesis cleanliness among adult patients. Furthermore, there is a lack of standardized plaque quantification methods for both research and clinical applications, with most studies relying on visual indices for plaque assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:49:29Z","timestamp":1773013769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantification of Removable Prosthesis Plaque Area Coverage Among Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3506-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong Wah","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxstein M.","family":"Abuzaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade Yuen Kei","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7259-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kar Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9735-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Francis","family":"Burrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9885-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colman","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.5462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Denture\u2010Related Stomatitis in Healthy Subjects Attending a Dental Teaching Hospital in North Jordan","volume":"54","author":"Al\u2010Dwairi Z. N.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the Irish Dental Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"A Simplified Technique to Measure Plaque on the Intaglio Surfaces of Complete Dentures","volume":"17","author":"Almas K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358509064135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358408993870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358209019813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402004000300011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(82)80079-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"The Effect of Polishing the Fitting Surface of Maxillary Denture on Denture Plaque Accumulation","volume":"32","author":"Badawi M. S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Egyptian Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Clinical Comparative Study of Denture Plaque Accumulation on the Fitting Surface of Heat and Cold Curing Maxillary Dentures","volume":"32","author":"Badawi M. S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Egyptian Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"Designing Clinical Research","author":"Browner W. S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Prevention of Denture Plaque Formation by an Enzyme Denture Cleanser","volume":"5","author":"Budtz\u2010J\u00f6rgensen E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal de Biologie Buccale"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357009033133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358309162308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1986.tb01801.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Evaluation of Denture Stomatitis in Croatian Adult Population","volume":"25","author":"Celi\u0107 R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26650\/eor.20231025114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Association of Pathological Activity of Oral Candida and Denture Wearing Habit in Denture Wearers","volume":"27","author":"Chughtai M. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2007.11732784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2010.00674.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/15-072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.7280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"A Clinically Viable Index for Quantifying Denture Plaque","volume":"27","author":"Jeganathan S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Quintessence International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Toothbrush Handles Individually Adapted for Use by Elderly Patients to Reduce Biofilm on Complete Dentures: A Pilot Study","volume":"9","author":"Kammers A. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Denture Plaque Distribution and the Effectiveness of a Perborate\u2010Containing Denture Cleanser","volume":"27","author":"Keng S. B.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Quintessence International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.18.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S234938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01503-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2002.00816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2024.2317059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04814-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2023.101911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Is Denture Stomatitis Always Related With Candida Infection? A Case Control Study","volume":"11","author":"Marinoski J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicinski Glasnik"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"A Method for Scoring Denture Plaque","volume":"4","author":"McCabe J. F.","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1987.tb00298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(75)80121-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211035821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211069516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2008.00235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2009.00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242004000300007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2007.00147.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2004.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0793-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1999.tb01413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2009.02042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2009.00295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Der Prothesen Hygine Index (PHI)","volume":"29","author":"Schubert R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2001.281211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01640.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","article-title":"Interventions for Cleaning Dentures in Adults","volume":"2009","author":"Souza R. F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2009.00309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","volume-title":"Complexity and Maintenance\u2013A Report From the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009","author":"Steele J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2003.00084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2002.00025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(84)90213-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17126\/joralres.2022.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1987.tb01741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2011.00610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Possible Enabling and Disabling Factors When Implementing an Oral Hygiene Protocol in Nursing Homes","volume":"64","author":"De Visschere L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2010.00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Der \u201cDenture Hygiene Index\u201d (DHI)","volume":"9","author":"Wefers K. P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dent Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1008986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.961956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15061"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70319","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.70319","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:19:31Z","timestamp":1788275971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70319"}}