{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:15:38Z","timestamp":1788279338564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of unilateral chewing among Italian university students and investigate its association with sex, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, 1536 students completed a self\u2010administered questionnaire. Prevalence of unilateral chewing behavior, anxiety, and somatic symptoms was described using frequencies and percentages. Anxiety and somatic symptoms were measured using the self\u2010reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u20107 (GAD\u20107) and Patient Health Questionnaire\u201015 (PHQ\u201015). Pearson Chi\u2010square and Cram\u00e9r's V examined the association between sex and unilateral chewing behavior. Differences in GAD\u20107 and PHQ\u201015 scores across unilateral chewing categories were analyzed using ANOVA\u2010based methods with post hoc tests. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess the association between unilateral chewing behavior, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity while controlling for age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 19% of participants reported unilateral chewing \u201cmost\u201d or \u201call of the time.\u201d Moderate\u2010to\u2010severe anxiety and somatic symptoms were each reported by 45% of participants, assessed separately. A significant weak to moderate association between sex and unilateral chewing was reported (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Unilateral chewing behavior was significantly associated with total anxiety scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with \u201call of the time\u201d chewers having four points higher scores than \u201cnone of the time\u201d or \u201ca little of the time,\u201d and three points higher scores than \u201csome of the time\u201d chewers. A significant association (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was also observed between unilateral chewing and PHQ\u201015 scores, with \u201call of the time\u201d chewers having three points higher scores than \u201cnone of the time\u201d and two points higher scores than \u201ca little of the time.\u201d Ordinal regression analysis confirmed these associations, although the effect sizes were modest.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequent unilateral chewing behavior is associated with higher levels of anxiety and somatic symptoms. Assessing unilateral chewing may help guide interventions promoting bilateral mastication and mindful eating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T17:40:41Z","timestamp":1777225241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Side\u2010Specific Mastication Prevalence and Its Association With Sex, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study Among Italian University Students"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7793-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bachar","family":"Reda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences School of Dentistry University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Contardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences School of Dentistry University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Hmeidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, d'Epid\u00e9miologie Clinique et de Toxicologie\u2010Liban (INSPECT\u2010LB) Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04645-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S385386"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.5.1873"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","article-title":"Association Between Unilateral Chewing Habit and Mental Stress and Anxiety Among Young Adults \u2013 A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"18","author":"Bano S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13226"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1829289"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03151-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24529"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1985.tb01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2022.100021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13221"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2004.01316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.859107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Diagnosed as Both Disc Displacement Without Reduction and Osteoarthritis Show Vertical Craniofacial Asymmetry in Women","volume":"38","author":"Han J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.47.5.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12302"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-91"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/876409"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112718"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003945"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Role of Psychosocial Factors in the Etiology of Bruxism","volume":"23","author":"Manfredini D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Oral Behaviors Checklist: Reliability of Performance in Targeted Waking\u2010State Behaviors","volume":"20","author":"Markiewicz M. 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