{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:45:13Z","timestamp":1782740713409,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the erosive potential of commercially available cannabis beverages by assessing fluoride content and pH, as well as changes in microhardness and surface roughness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen cannabis\u2010infused beverages were analyzed, with distilled water used as the control. Fluoride concentration and pH were measured using a fluoride ion\u2010selective electrode and a calibrated pH meter. Eighty\u2010five synthetic enamel\u2010like hydroxyapatite blocks (5\u2009mm diameter\u2009\u00d7\u20095\u2009mm thickness) were prepared and allocated into 16 experimental groups and 1 control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095\/group). Specimens were immersed in 5\u2009mL of each beverage for 30\u2009min at 37\u00b0C. Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) were measured before and after immersion. The percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) and percentage change in surface roughness (%Raalt) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using one\u2010way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most beverages exhibited acidic pH values, with 12 samples showing pH\u2009&lt;\u20094. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.0268 to 1.8233\u2009mg\/L, with most samples containing levels insufficient to counteract erosive effects, although one beverage exceeded recommended fluoride limits. Beverages with lower pH were associated with significant reductions in microhardness and increases in surface roughness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) ranged from approximately 27% to 74% among acidic beverages, with the highest values observed in the most acidic formulations. In contrast, beverages with near\u2010neutral pH showed minimal changes, with %SHL below 10%. Similarly, %Raalt ranged from less than 10% in low\u2010erosive groups to over 900% in highly acidic beverages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis beverages with low pH exhibited significant erosive potential, as evidenced by decreased microhardness and increased surface roughness on synthetic enamel\u2010like hydroxyapatite substrates. Beverage acidity and formulation were key determinants of these effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:45:20Z","timestamp":1778852720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Erosive Potential of Commercially Available Cannabis Beverages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Budsaraporn","family":"Boonsuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawan","family":"Boonprakong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Innovation, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajjima","family":"Chansaenroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sureeporn","family":"Tantisak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Innovation, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thawanrat","family":"Singthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Materials Research and Development Center, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 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Innovation for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Tagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Institution of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1649-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanaphum","family":"Osathanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Innovation, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 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