{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:45:15Z","timestamp":1782740715733,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting tooth\u2010supporting structures, while depression is a common mental disorder with emotional and behavioral disturbances. Previous studies suggest a potential association between the two conditions. This study aimed to evaluate salivary concentrations of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa\u2010B Ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG)\u2014key regulators of osteoclast activity and periodontal bone resorption\u2014in patients with periodontitis and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional study, 80 patients from Shahid Beheshti University Dental School were categorized into four groups based on the presence or absence of periodontitis and depression. Periodontitis was defined as having \u2265\u20092 teeth in \u2265\u20092 quadrants with bleeding on probing, pocket depth &gt;\u20093\u2009mm, and interdental clinical attachment loss \u2265\u20091\u2009mm. Depression was assessed using the Persian PHQ\u20109, and individuals meeting criteria for major depressive disorder(MDD) were classified as depressed. Unstimulated saliva samples (1\u2009mL) were collected, stored at \u221220\u00b0C, and analyzed for OPG and RANKL using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included two\u2010way ANOVA (SPSS v27;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 significant).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 80 participants (43 females, 37 males; mean age 45.3 years), RANKL, OPG, and the RANKL\/OPG ratio were higher in depressed individuals, but differences were not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). RANKL levels and the RANKL\/OPG ratio were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis and increased with disease severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05), while OPG showed no significant change.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis and its severity significantly influence salivary RANKL and the RANKL\/OPG ratio, while depression does not. Within the limits of this cross\u2010sectional design, no evidence was found that RANKL and OPG act as intermediary biomarkers linking depression and periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T19:03:46Z","timestamp":1779044626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa\u2010B Ligand (RANKL) Biomarker Concentrations in the Saliva of Patients with Periodontitis and Depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Esmaeilnejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardeshir","family":"Lafzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Morvarid","family":"Neishabouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kermanshah University of Medical Science Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4906-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mohsen","family":"Bigham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2020-000583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319867129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validation of Persian Version of PHQ\u20109 for Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode in Psychiatric Wards in Iran","volume":"5","author":"Ardestani M. 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