{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:28Z","timestamp":1792071868851,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of air\u2010polishing on color change and surface roughness of resin composite and enamel specimens after standardized cigarette smoke exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty composite\/enamel specimens were exposed daily to cigarette smoke in an automated chamber over four 14\u2010day cycles (five cigarettes\/day). After each cycle, specimens were cleaned using air\u2010polishing with erythritol or sodium bicarbonate powder, or a rubber cup and pumice (control). Color changes (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were assessed spectrophotometrically, and surface roughness was measured profilometrically before and after each cycle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All cleaning methods significantly reduced tobacco staining on composite and enamel; however, none restored the original color. After four cycles, median [IQR] \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      values for resin composites did not differ significantly among groups (erythritol: 26.17 [21.62\u201327.52]; sodium bicarbonate: 10.28 [7.44\u201327.77]; control: 24.56 [19.22\u201326.77];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Surface roughness increased significantly in all groups, with the greatest increase following sodium bicarbonate air\u2010polishing (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Luting gap roughness increased significantly with sodium bicarbonate in comparison with erythritol and the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Repeated air\u2010polishing did not promote further tobacco stain accumulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Erythritol air\u2010polishing effectively reduced discoloration with minimal surface alteration, whereas sodium bicarbonate caused significant roughening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cigarette smoke causes clinically perceptible composite discoloration that cannot be completely eliminated. Erythritol represents a safer polishing option than sodium bicarbonate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:37:51Z","timestamp":1783543071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cleaning Efficacy of Air Polishing on Tobacco\u2010Stained Resin Composite: An In\u2010Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8656-4731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Sigwart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental and Oral Medicine and Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery University Hospital for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Wiesm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental and Oral Medicine and Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery University Hospital for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Kapferer\u2010Seebacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental and Oral Medicine and Cranio\u2010Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery University Hospital for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1984.55.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11113072"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1987.58.5.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(97)80038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35947-7_14-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03154-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2388-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.11.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"Evaluation of Visual and Spectrophotometric Shade Analyses: A Clinical Comparison of 3758 Teeth","volume":"20","author":"Derdilopoulou F. 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