{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:35Z","timestamp":1792071875218,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the alterations in cellular and humoral immune functions, alongside cytokine profiles, in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) compared to those with other oral mucosal diseases and healthy controls (HC), and to investigate their clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anticoagulated whole blood and serum samples were collected from 101 cases of the RAU group, the \u201cOthers\u201d group, and the HC group. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets, including NKT, NK, CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T, CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T, and CD3\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells, were detected by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3, and C4 were measured using immunoturbidimetry. Additionally, the levels of cytokines IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were quantified by chemiluminescence. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the clinical value of these functional markers across the different groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010parametric tests revealed that the percentage of NKT cells in the RAU group was significantly higher than those in both the \u201cOthers\u201d and HC groups; furthermore, the \u201cOthers\u201d group showed significantly higher levels than the HC group. The content of IgE in the RAU group was significantly elevated compared to the \u201cOthers\u201d and HC groups. The levels of IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 in the RAU group were significantly higher than those in the HC group. ROC analysis revealed that NKT cells, IgE, IL\u20106, and IL\u20108 showed AUC values greater than 0.7 in the diagnosis of RAU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that the combined detection of NKT cells, IgE, and cytokines (IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and TNF\u2010\u03b1) may potentially hold significant clinical application value in the assessment of RAU and other oral mucosal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:12:53Z","timestamp":1784805173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the Clinical Application Value of Immune Function Markers and Cytokines in the Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Department Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Techology School Wengzhou Medical University Renji College Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Department Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Department Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Detection and Significance of Immune Function in Oral Mucosa\u2010Associated Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Anxun W. A. N. G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S410061"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5085686"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"402","article-title":"Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer","volume":"47","author":"Chinese Stomatological Association Oral Mucosal Diseases Committee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Stomatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"884","article-title":"Study on Oxidative Stress and Cellular Immune Status in Patients With Recurrent Oral Ulcer","volume":"18","author":"Cuiqiang G. U. A. N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine and Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.56254"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Hanming. Research Progress of Th Cell\u2010Associated Cytokines in Recurrent Oral Ulcers","volume":"37","author":"GAO Xiaolan W. A. N. G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Science Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.009"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"3541","article-title":"Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets, Immunoglobulin and Complement Levels in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer","volume":"18","author":"Haibo L. I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laboratory Medicine and Clinical"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"1494","article-title":"Analysis of the Application Value of Serum TNF\u2010\u03b1 Combined Immune Function Test in the Diagnosis of Aphthous Ulcer","volume":"30","author":"Hua F. U.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Expression and Clinical Significance of T Cells, NKT Cells and NK Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"Jie L. I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"805","article-title":"Wenbin. Research Progress of NKT Cells in Glioma Immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"LI Rui A. I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Changes of Th17 Cells, Immunoglobulin and Complement Levels in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Intractable Recurrent Aphthal Ulcer","volume":"26","author":"Lilin Z. O. U.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shanghai Journal of Stomatology"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Research Progress of Immune Factors in the Pathogenesis of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer","volume":"38","author":"Liru Z. H. A. O.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Stomatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12228"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Expression of Soluble Programmed Death Receptor 1 and Soluble Programmed Death Ligand 1 in Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer and Its Correlation With Immune Function","volume":"35","author":"Nan J. I. A. N. G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"West China Journal of Stomatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040817"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.155946"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305355"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2022.10.013"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"595","article-title":"Functional Characteristics and Significance of NK and NKT Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Hepatitis B Virus\u2010Associated Cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Xin W. E. I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Correlation Between Serum Interleukin\u201012 and Interleukin\u201027 Expression and Immune Function in Oral Lichen Planus Patients","volume":"34","author":"Yunyin H. U. A. N. G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"West China Journal of Stomatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"684","article-title":"Effect of Thalidomide on Lymphocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer","volume":"32","author":"Zhixiao L. U. O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Stomatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0622-3"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.70418","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:48:46Z","timestamp":1792068526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70418","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70418"}}