{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:30Z","timestamp":1792071870786,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research investigated the effect of different applications of Universal bonding on the fracture resistance (FR) of maxillary premolars restored with mesio\u2010occluso\u2010distal resin composite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One\u2010hundred and eight extracted maxillary premolars were randomly assigned into nine groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912): (1) ST, sound teeth; (2) nonrestored teeth; (3) SEE, selective enamel etching; (4) E&amp;R, etch\u2010and\u2010rinse; (5) SDE, selective dentin etching; (6) SEE+resin layer; (7) E&amp;R+resin layer; (8) SDE+resin layer\/precuring; (9) SDE+resin layer\/co\u2010curing. Following restoration, mechanical loading (100,000 cycles, 50\u2009N), 6\u2010month water storage, and thermocycling (1000 cycles), FR was tested. Failure mode was evaluated. Data were analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SDE+resin layer\/precuring showed the highest mean fracture load (1222.0\u2009\u00b1\u200958.7\u2009N), with a significant difference with all groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), except SDE+resin layer\/co\u2010curing (1166.5\u2009\u00b1\u200950.3\u2009N). FR of SEE with the lowest value (894.50\u2009\u00b1\u200970.41\u2009N) was lower than SDE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but comparable with E&amp;R. Resin layer significantly improved FR in all etching conditions, except the E&amp;R group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.272). The highest number of restorable fractures was in two SDE with resin layer groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adhesive application protocols affected FR. Combining short\u2010time dentin etching with a HEMA\u2010free hydrophobic resin may be suggested to increase the stable reinforcement potential of universal adhesive\u2010resin composite restorations in premolars and preserve teeth under high loading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adhesive application protocol considerably affected the fracture resistance of MOD resin composite\u2013restored premolars. A short time dentin etching using an ultra\u2010mild universal adhesive, along with increasing hydrophobicity of the adhesive interface, may enhance the mechanical reinforcement of resin composite\u2010restored premolars during simulated thermal\u2010mechanical intraoral conditions. This approach also possibly prevents the risk of catastrophic failure under unexpectedly high loads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:50:54Z","timestamp":1787208654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fracture Resistance of Thermal\u2010Mechanical Aged Resin Composite\u2010Restored Premolars: Effect of Different Application Protocols of a Universal Adhesive"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1986-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzieh","family":"Moradian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marziyeh","family":"Naseri Mojarad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.jad.a42304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.jad.a45179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Effect of Etching Mode on the Dentin Bond Durability of Universal Adhesives","volume":"27","author":"Balaban S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Fracture Strength of Restored Premolars","volume":"20","author":"Camacho G. 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