{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1792071872331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to clarify the relationship between stromal cell\u2011derived factor 1 (SDF\u20111) and osteoblast\u2010related responses in periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) after tooth extraction, based on the hypothesis that local inhibition of SDF\u20111\/C\u2011X\u2011C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 would attenuate osteoblast differentiation and alveolar bone remodeling during OTM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010six 6\u2010week\u2010old Wistar\/Sprague\u2013Dawley male rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. After the extraction of the maxillary left first molar, the maxillary left second molar (M2) was moved mesially with a 10\u2010gf force following the local injection of phosphate\u2010buffered saline or AMD3100 into the buccal and palatal gingiva adjacent to the M2 in the control and experimental group, respectively. Micro\u2010computed tomography was performed to assess tooth movement and alveolar bone changes. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate periodontal tissue morphology and the percentages of SDF\u20101\u2010, CXCR4\u2010, RUNX2\u2010, and BGLAP\u2010positive cells on the tension side of the PDL. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to assess expression levels of SDF\u20101, CXCR4, RUNX2, and BGLAP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OTM distance and mesial tilt angle were significantly reduced in the experimental group. RT\u2010PCR showed that SDF\u20101, CXCR4, and RUNX2 expression levels were significantly downregulated from Day 1 through Day 7, whereas BGLAP expression was significantly decreased only on Day 1. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tension side of the PDL demonstrated significantly reduced SDF\u20101\u2010 and CXCR4\u2010positive cells on Day 3 and RUNX2\u2010positive cells on Day 7 in the experimental group. In contrast, the BGLAP\u2010positive cells did not differ significantly at any time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local inhibition of SDF\u20101\/CXCR4 signaling reduced OTM and altered early alveolar bone remodeling after tooth extraction. The combined gene expression and immunohistochemical findings suggest that the SDF\u20101\/CXCR4 axis may contribute to osteoblast differentiation, particularly through RUNX2\u2010related responses during the early phase of OTM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:24:03Z","timestamp":1786645443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Stromal Cell\u2010Derived Factor 1 on Osteoblast Activity During Orthodontic Tooth Movement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1086-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4973-8762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4710-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert Chun\u2010Shuo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mirai Dental Clinic New Taipei City 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