{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:37Z","timestamp":1792071877474,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With the rising incidence of fungal infections in recent years,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      has become the leading cause of oral fungal infections, ranging from superficial to systemic forms. The extensive use of antifungal medications has led to drug resistance and adverse effects, highlighting the growing need to explore medicinal plants. This study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia leriifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves on laboratory strains of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , comparing its effects with those of the standard antifungal drugs Nystatin and Fluconazole.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This experimental study used 20 confirmed\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Malt extract agar and RPMI\u20101640 media were prepared according to standard protocols, and\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia leriifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract was obtained via maceration. Fungal suspensions and stock solutions were prepared at defined concentrations, and MICs were determined using the microdilution broth method per CLSI\u2010M27\u2010A3 guidelines. Data were analyzed with SPSS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia leriifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract demonstrated antifungal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with MIC values ranging from 500 to 1000\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and a geometric mean MIC of 901.3\u2009\u00b5g\/mL. In contrast, nystatin and fluconazole exhibited markedly lower MIC ranges (0.063\u201316 and 0.063\u20131\u2009\u00b5g\/mL, respectively) and geometric mean MICs of 0.297 and 0.308\u2009\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher MIC values for the extract compared with both antifungal agents (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, effect size\u2009=\u20090.87), whereas no significant difference was observed between nystatin and fluconazole (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.638). Despite its lower potency, the extract showed moderate antifungal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study demonstrated that while the hydroalcoholic extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia leriifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      is less potent than nystatin and fluconazole, it is still capable of partially inhibiting the growth of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These results underscore the potential role of medicinal plants in the treatment of fungal infections, especially in cases involving drug resistance or undesirable side effects from conventional medications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:43:05Z","timestamp":1787208185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of\n                    <i>Salvia Leriifolia<\/i>\n                    Leaf Hydroalcoholic Extract Compared to Nystatin and Fluconazole Against\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anahita","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negareh","family":"Salehabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Haghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Hosseinnataj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maede","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Antibacterial Effect of Essential Oils From Salvia leriifolia Benth. 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