{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1792071872081,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare irrigant activation protocols for hydrogel removal from standardized artificial lateral canals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and seventy\u2010six 3D\u2010printed resin blocks reproducing a standardized root canal with two lateral canals were used. The lateral canals were filled with gelatin\u2013hyaluronan hydrogel as an organic\u2010debris surrogate. Blocks were randomized to 16 groups (A1\u2013A8, B1\u2013B8;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911\/group). Group A protocols used 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), whereas Group B protocols used 3% NaOCl with Dual Rinse HEDP. The primary outcome was net specimen mass loss (W2\u2212W3), determined gravimetrically. Optical microscopy provided descriptive support. Non\u2010parametric analyses were applied to the gravimetric outcome (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Saline controls and conventional syringe\u2010irrigation groups showed no detectable net mass loss at the balance readability of 0.1\u2009mg. Net mass loss increased from sonic and ultrasonic activation to protocols combining internal heating with activation. Groups A7 and B7 produced the greatest median net mass loss (0.60\u2009mg). Descriptive microscopy indicated greater hydrogel removal from the smaller apical lateral canal in Groups A6\u2013A8 and B6\u2013B8 than in Groups A3\u2013A5 and B3\u2013B5, with the greatest removal in A7 and B7. No significant gravimetric differences were detected between corresponding Group A and Group B protocols (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the limitations of this thermosensitive hydrogel model, protocols combining internal heating with manual dynamic, ultrasonic or sonic activation were associated with greater net mass loss and microscopy\u2010based hydrogel removal than conventional irrigation or single\u2010mode activation. Although consistent with the temperature\u2010dependent increase in NaOCl tissue\u2010dissolving activity, chemical dissolution could not be distinguished from thermally induced hydrogel softening and mechanical displacement. No protocol completely removed hydrogel from the smaller apical lateral canal, and the findings should not be extrapolated directly to clinical root canal systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1787802492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Advanced Irrigant Activation Protocols on Hydrogel Removal From Standardized Artificial Lateral Canals: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1387-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Acerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Besan\u00e7on Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Laboratoire SINERGIES EA 4662 University of Marie &amp; Louis Pasteur Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry University of Marie &amp; Louis Pasteur Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7376-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Mancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Strasbourg University Strasbourg France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco\u2010Dentaire, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3769-9786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianrico","family":"Spagnuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d Napoli Italy"},{"name":"Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6356-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Cernera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Iandolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Besan\u00e7on Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Laboratoire SINERGIES EA 4662 University of Marie &amp; Louis Pasteur Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry University of Marie &amp; Louis Pasteur Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/eej.2025.64872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/eej.2025.86547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/aos.v84.43737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14102531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2023.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202305577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12518"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gien.2012.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206213"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15186184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2018.vol32.0065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116870"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32067\/GIE.2023.37.01.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12877"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8060489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.02.005"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70442","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.70442","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:48:23Z","timestamp":1792068503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70442"}}