{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T19:07:07Z","timestamp":1788894427199,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the hydration\u2010induced volumetric expansion and elasticity of collagen\u2010based soft tissue substitutes following exposure to blood using three\u2010dimensional (3D) analysis and high\u2010frequency ultrasonography (HFUS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven commercially available collagen matrices were analyzed: Fibro\u2010Gide (6\u2009mm and 3\u2009mm), Mucogain (5\u2009mm and 3\u2009mm), Volumax, Collagen Graft II, and Mucograft. The investigation consisted of two experimental phases. In the in vitro phase, samples were immersed in stabilized porcine blood to assess absorption index (AI), 3D volumetric changes, and ultrasonographic (HFUS) parameters, including density and elasticity. In the ex vivo phase, matrices were placed beneath envelope flaps in porcine maxillae, with optical 3D scanning performed before and after blood saturation. Statistical analysis included generalized estimating equations for repeated measures and nonparametric testing, with significance set at\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Volume stable matrices exhibited significantly greater absorption and volumetric expansion compared to non\u2010stable matrices. Fibro\u2010Gide 6\u2009mm demonstrated the highest absorption index (17.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mg) and volumetric increase (268.4\u2009\u00b1\u200954.8\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), while Mucogain 5\u2009mm showed the greatest vertical expansion (0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009mm). Non\u2010stable matrices displayed reduced expansion or partial collapse. A positive, though non\u2010significant, correlation was observed between density (HFUS) and volumetric expansion (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.535).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Volume\u2010stable collagen matrices show pronounced fluid uptake and expansion. Clinically, this effect should be considered, as excessive swelling may increase flap tension and compromise wound stability, necessitating careful trimming and adequate flap release.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:22:31Z","timestamp":1788891751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Collagen Substitutes in Oral Soft Tissue Augmentation: An In Vitro\u2013Ex Vivo Study on Expansion and Elasticity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Mancini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Evidence Synthesis in Oral Tissue Regeneration (CRITERION) Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6880-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Wenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4864-3964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Tavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Evidence Synthesis in Oral Tissue Regeneration (CRITERION) Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil (UCSG) Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2055-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald E.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6689-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadja","family":"Naenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1764-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Thoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00520.x","article-title":"Dimension of the Periimplant Mucosa. 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