{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:46:21Z","timestamp":1791733581277,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This in vitro study evaluated the color accuracy and image sharpness of common macro and zoom lenses on a full\u2010frame body and tested whether differences among macro\u2010lens brands are clinically meaningful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      26 VITA 3D\u2010Master shade tabs were each photographed three times under standardized, cross\u2010polarized conditions on a Nikon D610. Three macro lenses (Nikon 105\u2009mm, Sigma 105\u2009mm, and Tamron 90\u2009mm) and four zoom lenses (Nikon 24\u201370\u2009mm, Nikon 24\u2013120\u2009mm, Sigma 24\u201370\u2009mm, and Nikon 24\u201385\u2009mm) were compared. RAW files were converted to CIELAB; reference\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\n                      <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      * values were obtained with a 45\u00b0\/0\u00b0 spectroradiometer under D65. Color difference (\u0394Eab, CIE76) was computed for every image. Sharpness was assessed by ISO 12233 slanted\u2010edge SFR (MTF50) at f\/16 and f\/22. Linear mixed\u2010effects models with shade tab as a random effect were fitted; equivalence was tested with two one\u2010sided tests (TOST) at a prespecified \u0394Eab margin of 0.6.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All macro lenses produced low, clinically acceptable color errors (mean \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      ab = 1.2; SD\u2009=\u20090.2) with negligible inter\u2010brand differences, and all macro\u2013macro comparisons met the 0.6 equivalence margin. Zoom lenses showed significantly higher errors (mean = 2.95\u20133.35; SD\u2009=\u20090.42\u20130.50) and failed equivalence. Brand differences among macro lenses were non\u2010significant (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.40), whereas macro\u2010vs\u2010zoom differences were highly significant (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009792.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001); 81% of pooled zoom images exceeded the \u0394Eab acceptability threshold of 2.7, versus none of the macro images. MTF50 confirmed superior macro sharpness, with macro\u2013macro differences within \u00b15% of the Nyquist frequency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dedicated macro lenses are required for accurate shade photography, with general\u2010purpose zoom lenses producing clinically unacceptable color errors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:01:03Z","timestamp":1791730863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Macro and Zoom Lenses for Dental Shade Selection: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Ali","family":"Jasim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry Al\u2010Mustansiriya University, Al\u2010Rusafa Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1684-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huda Ahmed","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry Al\u2010Mustansiriya University, Al\u2010Rusafa Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4009-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amer Abbas","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry Al\u2010Mustansiriya University, Al\u2010Rusafa Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah Fadhil","family":"Al\u2010Qazzaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry College of Dentistry, Al\u2010Mustansiriya University, Al\u2010Rusafa Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafaz Mahdi","family":"Mohsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry College of Dentistry, Al\u2010Bayan University Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13576","article-title":"The Role of Intraoral Scanners in the Shade Matching Process: A Systematic Review","volume":"32","author":"Akl M. 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M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.52533\/JOHS.2024.40104","article-title":"Digital Shade Matching Techniques in Fixed Prosthodontics","volume":"04","author":"Binhuraib H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Healthcare Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19075","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.019075","article-title":"Standardized Spectral and Radiometric Calibration of Consumer Cameras","volume":"27","author":"Burggraaff O.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/asdj.2023.224645.1182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.3390\/app10082876","article-title":"Image Quality Assessment of Digital Image Capturing Devices for Melanoma Detection","volume":"10","author":"Dugonik B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.01.015","article-title":"Effect of Ambient Lighting Conditions on Tooth Color Quantification in Cross\u2010Polarized Dental Photography: A Clinical Study","volume":"128","author":"Farah R. 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M.Britze S.Bruns A.Pflug andV.Kirchner\u201cDeposition of Demanding Optical Coatings on Curved Substrates.\u201d InOptical Interference Coatings Conference (OIC) 2019 WD.6(OSA Santa Ana Pueblo New Mexico 2019).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OIC.2019.WD.6.","DOI":"10.1364\/OIC.2019.WD.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093550","article-title":"A Underwater Sequence Image Dataset for Sharpness and Color Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Yang M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13053","article-title":"Effect of Cross\u2010Polarization Filters on the Trueness of Colors Obtained With a Single\u2010Lens Reflex Camera, Macro Lens, and a Ring Flash","volume":"35","author":"Yilmaz B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104681","article-title":"Comparison of the Colour Accuracy of a Single\u2010Lens Reflex Camera and a Smartphone Camera in a Clinical Context","volume":"137","author":"Yung D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70484","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.70484","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:01:08Z","timestamp":1791730868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70484","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70484"}}