{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:46:44Z","timestamp":1792072004836,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many bacteria implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis produce thiol compounds containing sulfhydryl (\u2010SH) groups. This cross\u2010sectional study used a prototype chromogenic test strip to investigate the relationship between whole saliva \u2010SH levels and subgingival bacterial species in subjects with and without periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010six subjects were enrolled. Full\u2010mouth comprehensive clinical periodontal evaluations were performed. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: periodontally healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA\u2013DNA hybridization. Subgingival dysbiosis severity was determined with a modified Subgingival Microbial Dysbiosis Index (mSMDI). Salivary thiol levels were determined semi\u2010quantitatively with a chromogenic strip dipped in pooled saliva on the tongue surface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low and high strip scores were uniquely associated with contrasting groups of subgingival bacteria. Individuals with high strip scores harbored increased levels of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, P. nigrescens, E. nodatum, and T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                      as well as higher mSMDI scores than individuals with low strip scores. Furthermore, strip scores showed high specificity (93%) in correctly identifying individuals with normobiotic subgingival microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low salivary thiol levels are useful indicators of subgingival normobiosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:02:21Z","timestamp":1792069341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of Salivary Thiols Point\u2010of\u2010Care Test for Detecting Subgingival Dysbiosis in Adults: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3226-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Khocht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-717X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Rams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsute","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ADA Forsyth Institute Somverville Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3348-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon B.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242010000200016","article-title":"The Ability of the BANA Test to Detect Different Levels of P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia","volume":"24","author":"Andrade J. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brazilian Oral Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0180","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of a Newly Developed Chairside Test to Determine Periodontal Pathogens","volume":"91","author":"Arweiler N. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Burgess\u2010Cassler A. andB. E.Haley(2009). Device for Rapid Determination of Disease\u2010Associated Thiol Compounds. USA. US patent 20090311142."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"A New Classification Scheme for Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions\u2014Introduction and Key Changes From the 1999 Classification","volume":"89","author":"Caton J. G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.11.113","article-title":"Bacteria\u2010Derived Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes IL\u20108 Production From Epithelial Cells","volume":"391","author":"Chen W.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90624-K","article-title":"The Impact of Tobacco Use and Cessation on Oral and Dental Diseases and Conditions","volume":"93","author":"Christen A. G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2337","article-title":"Periodontitis: A Polymicrobial Disruption of Host Homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Darveau R. P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02337.x","article-title":"Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinases and a Collagen\u2010Degrading Phenotype in Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells by Secreted Porphyromonas gingivalis Proteinase","volume":"33","author":"DeCarlo A. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-003-0548-1","article-title":"Cleavage of CD14 and LBP by a Protease From Prevotella intermedia","volume":"179","author":"Deschner J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(58)90014-6","article-title":"A Colorimetric Method for Determining Low Concentrations of Mercaptans","volume":"74","author":"Ellman G. L.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00765.x","article-title":"The Effect of SRP on the Clinical and Microbiological Parameters of Periodontal Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Haffajee A. D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: From Microbial Immune Subversion to Systemic Inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12331","article-title":"Current Understanding of Periodontal Disease Pathogenesis and Targets for Host\u2010Modulation Therapy","volume":"84","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The Keystone\u2010Pathogen Hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082484","article-title":"The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra\u2010Oral Halitosis","volume":"9","author":"Hampelska K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00475.x","article-title":"Detection of Neutral Protease (Periocheck) and BANA Hydrolase (Perioscan) Compared With Traditional Clinical Methods of Diagnosis and Monitoring of Chronic Inflammatory Periodontal Disease","volume":"24","author":"Hemmings K. W.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia: The \u201cRed Complex\u201d, a Prototype Polybacterial Pathogenic Consortium in Periodontitis","volume":"38","author":"Holt S. C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Salivary Thiol Levels and Periodontal Parameters Assessed With a Chromogenic Strip","volume":"61","author":"Khocht A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"General Dentistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Sulfate\u2010Reducing Bacteria in Relation With Other Potential Periodontal Pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Langendijk\u2010Genevaux P. S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6.610","article-title":"The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems","volume":"38","author":"L\u00f6e H.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.1.74","article-title":"Relationship of Sulcular Sulfide Level to Severity of Periodontal Disease and BANA Test","volume":"72","author":"Morita M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01586-1","article-title":"Correlation Between Oral Malodor and Periodontal Bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Nakano Y.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Proceedings of the 1996 World Workshop in Periodontics. 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C.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12851","article-title":"Effects of Oxidative Stress\u2010Induced Increases in Zn(2+) Concentrations in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells","volume":"56","author":"Yagi H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0267","article-title":"Subgingival Microbial Profiles in Pre\u2010 and Postmenopausal Women: Associations With Serum Estradiol Levels","volume":"96","author":"Yakar N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090012","article-title":"Hydrogen Sulfide Production From Cysteine and Homocysteine by Periodontal and Oral Bacteria","volume":"80","author":"Yoshida A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cre2.70485","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.70485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:02:26Z","timestamp":1792069346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.70485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.70485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.70485","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70485"}}