{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:36:43Z","timestamp":1778503003176,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an ulcerative condition with unknown etiology. The effect of vitamin D in the etiology of RAS is still a matter of controversy. In this study, we aimed at review the available evidence on the role of vitamin D deficiency in RAS etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Cochrane Library for Systematic Reviews, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and EmBase were systematically searched for evidence on RAS and vitamin D up to January 2020. Retrieved records were screened and assessed by two of the authors independently. Newcastle\u2212Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of individual studies. AMSTAR tool was used for assessing the quality of the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight studies including 383 healthy control and 352 patients with RAS were eligible for the meta\u2010analysis. Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in RAS patients. The weighted mean difference was \u22127.90 (95% CI: \u221211.96 to \u22123.85).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results highlighted the importance of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of RAS. However, more studies are needed to reach a robust decision. The observed association between vitamin D and RAS is probably due to the effect of vitamin D on the immune system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:31:03Z","timestamp":1696318263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serum level of vitamin D in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of case control studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Roya","family":"Safari\u2010Faramani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Research Committee Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Ghambari Haji Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Research Committee Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda","family":"Omidpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00049-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2005.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2004.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.00178.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2016.57222"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Comparing serum and salivary levels of vitamin D in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and healthy individuals","volume":"19","author":"Bahramian A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2016.63883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2015.100"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"702","article-title":"Circannual vitamin D serum levels and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: Northern versus Southern Europe","volume":"24","author":"Cutolo M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02913-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06580-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejr.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2017.69683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9925-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Vitamin D levels in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis","volume":"121","author":"Nalbanto\u011flu B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear, Nose & Throat Journa"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0653-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2004.01049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1422079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp054630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-013-0261-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","article-title":"Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults","volume":"5","author":"Straube S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency among patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A preliminary study from the UAE","volume":"48","author":"Suhail A. 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