{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T22:00:54Z","timestamp":1740175254588,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored the changes in bacterial flora composition and total bacterial count in the saliva and tongue coating, along with the change in the tongue coating index (TCI) following an intervention with 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth spray after professional oral care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010two adult volunteers aged 30\u201360 years were equally divided into CPC spray (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) and control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) groups. All subjects underwent scaling and polishing. The CPC spray group was administered four puffs of CPC spray to the tongue dorsum four times a day for 3 weeks. The control group performed only routine daily oral care (brushing) and did not use any other spray. Bacteriological evaluation of saliva and tongue coating was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA\u00a0gene sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The tongue coating was evaluated to calculate the TCI. A per\u2010protocol analysis was conducted for 44 subjects (CPC spray group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923; control group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 1 and 3 weeks after CPC spray use, the flora of the saliva and tongue coating changed; the genus <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic> was dominant in the CPC spray group, whereas the genus <jats:italic>Saccharibacteria<\/jats:italic> was dominant in the control group. The sampling time differed among individual participants, which may have affected the bacterial counts. There was no significant intragroup change in TCI in either group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CPC spray affected the bacterial flora in the saliva and tongue coating, particularly with respect to an increase in the abundance of <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>. However, CPC spray did not change the TCI. These results suggest that it may be optimal to combine CPC spray with a physical cleaning method such as using a tongue brush or scraper.\u00a0Clinical Trial Registration:\u00a0University Hospital Medical Information Network UMIN000041140.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T17:10:23Z","timestamp":1701537023000},"page":"1034-1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in oral microflora following 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride\u2010containing mouth spray intervention in adult volunteers after professional oral care: Randomized clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1733-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Sunstar Inc.  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Sunstar Inc.  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Suido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science Kyoto Koka Women's University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisae","family":"Fukuike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Promotion, Affiliated with the Sunstar Foundation  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunstar Senri Dental Clinic, Affiliated with the Sunstar Foundation  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunstar Senri Dental Clinic, Affiliated with the Sunstar Foundation  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Sunstar Inc.  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