{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:46:22Z","timestamp":1753868782358,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orthodontic treatment is often accompanied by discomfort and pain in patients, which are believed to be a result of orthodontic tooth displacement caused by the mechanical forces exerted by the orthodontic appliances on the periodontal tissues. These lead to change blood oxygen level dependent response in related brain regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aims to assess the impact of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on alterations in central nervous system activation assessed by tasked based and resting state fMRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted using online databases, following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. Selected studies utilized magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain activity changes in healthy participants after the insertion of orthodontic appliances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The initial database screening resulted in 791 studies. Of these, 234 were duplicates and 547 were deemed irrelevant considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the ten remaining potential relevant studies, two were excluded during full\u2010text screening. Eight prospective articles were eligible for further analysis. The included studies provided evidence of the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatment, pain perception, and brain function. All of the participants in the included studies employed orthodontic separators in short\u2010term experiments to induce tooth displacement during the early stage of orthodontic treatment. Alterations in brain activation were observed in brain regions, functional connectivity and brain networks, predominantly affecting regions implicated in nociception (thalamus, insula), emotion (insula, frontal areas), and cognition (frontal areas, cerebellum, default mode network).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that orthodontic treatment influences beyond the pain matrix and affects other brain regions including the limbic system. Furthermore, understanding the orthodontically induced brain activation can aid in development of targeted pain management strategies that do not adversely affect orthodontic tooth movement. Due to the moderate to serious risk of bias and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further clinical trials on this subject are recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T07:14:30Z","timestamp":1711955670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6315-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gelareh","family":"Sadvandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics RWTH Aachen University Hospital  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Ehsan","family":"Kianfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin CC03 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics RWTH Aachen University Hospital  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sareh","family":"Said Yekta\u2010Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics RWTH Aachen University Hospital  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0156-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"The limbic system: an introduction","volume":"2","author":"Aggleton J. 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