{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:41:48Z","timestamp":1788381708676,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The placement of ligatures in the cervical area of rat molars is considered as a predictable model to induce periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present explorative study aimed to compare the efficacy of metal wires (MWs), without or with sandblasting, versus silk ligatures (SLs) in inducing periodontal bone loss in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats that received three different types of ligatures (MW, sandblasted wire [SMW], and SL) around their first right mandibular molar, while the contralateral tooth was left without the ligature and served as a control. Bone loss was assessed by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest at the distal aspect of the first molar on central mesiodistal sections generated from micro\u2010CT scans taken 24 and 35 days after ligature placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the SL group, only in two rats the ligatures were retained until the end of the 24\u2010day period; in all other animals, the ligatures were lost at some time point. In the SMW, the ligatures were retained only for the 24\u2010day period. In the MW group, no ligatures were lost. Irrespective of the group or experimental period, the difference in the crestal bone level between ligated and control teeth was in most cases <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.20\u2009mm, that is, in 19 out of 25 pairs of teeth. In a few cases, the bone crest was more apically located at the control teeth compared to the ligated ones (four cases each, during both 24\u2010 and 35\u2010day experimental periods).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone loss was minimal during the experimental period, with no significant differences between the test and control teeth, or among the three types of ligatures. MWs, not even roughened, do not seem to be a better alternative to SLs for inducing bone loss in the experimental periodontitis model in the rat. This assumption, however, has to be confirmed in a larger, well\u2010powered study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T05:45:03Z","timestamp":1722923103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Induced Periodontitis in Rats With Three Ligature Types: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Chatzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Stavropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University Malmo Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology Blekinge Hospital Karlskrona Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balazs","family":"Denes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, Medical Faculty University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cancela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Kiliaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, Medical Faculty University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Giannopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-67202012000100011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-879x2002000500015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.6.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2003.00678.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1531-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-83242007000300005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2009.01230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-021-10038-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.990806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756420911108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1966.37.6.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.882514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)35135-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.39.2.873-878.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/754857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"The Principles Of Humane Experimental Technique","author":"Russell W. M. S.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37234-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601004010037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.12.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1098015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0751-5"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cre2.946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T09:27:14Z","timestamp":1725010034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cre2.946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cre2.946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cre2.946","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-4347","2057-4347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-4347","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-4347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e946"}}