{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:32:35Z","timestamp":1782477155377,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp;amp; Exp Dental Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess how the application mode of a universal adhesive system affects the microshear bond strength (\u03bcSBS) of bulk\u2010fill and conventional composite resins to enamel and dentin in primary teeth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 80 caries\u2010free primary second molars were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) based on the bonding substrate (enamel or dentin), the application mode of the universal adhesive system (etch and rinse [E&amp;R], or self\u2010etch [SE]), and the type of composite resin used (bulk\u2010fill or conventional). After bonding the composite resin to enamel or dentin, the \u03bcSBS of the bonded composite resins was measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean \u03bcSBS value of bulk\u2010fill composite resin was significantly higher than that of conventional composite resin for both enamel and dentin substrates, regardless of the application mode (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). An interaction effect between the bonding substrate and the application mode of the adhesive system was observed, indicating a significant relationship (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The highest \u03bcSBS values for primary teeth enamel were achieved using the E&amp;R mode with bulk\u2010fill composite resin, while for dentin specimens, the SE mode with bulk\u2010fill composite resin yielded the highest \u03bcSBS values. The \u03bcSBS of the E&amp;R group was significantly higher than that of the SE group for enamel specimens (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas the \u03bcSBS of the SE group was significantly higher than that of the E&amp;R group for dentin specimens (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bulk\u2010fill composite resin demonstrated higher \u03bcSBS in comparison to conventional composite resin. The universal adhesive system exhibited superior performance in the SE mode compared to the E&amp;R mode on primary dentin. Pre\u2010etching the enamel before the application of the universal adhesive enhanced the \u03bcSBS to primary teeth enamel, highlighting the importance of selectively acid etching the enamel of primary teeth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1724909336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of Different Application Modes of a Universal Adhesive System on the Bond Strength of Bulk\u2010Fill Composite Resin to Enamel and Dentin in Primary Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Nozari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Pakniyat Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Haji Abbas Oghli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4447-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Jowkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ahmadreza","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2015.40.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2003.08.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Selective Acid Etching Improves the Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Sound and Demineralized Enamel of Primary Teeth","volume":"18","author":"Antoniazzi B. 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