{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T17:40:42Z","timestamp":1775238042430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transformation of lignocellulosic materials into potentially valuable resources is compromised by their complicated structure. Consequently, new economical and feasible conversion\/fractionation techniques that render value\u2010added products are intensely investigated. Herein an unorthodox and feasible fractionation method of birch chips (<jats:italic>B.\u2005pendula<\/jats:italic>) using a switchable ionic liquid (SIL) derived from an alkanol amine (monoethanol amine, MEA) and an organic super base (1,8\u2010diazabicyclo\u2010[5.4.0]\u2010undec\u20107\u2010ene, DBU) with two different trigger acid gases (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) is studied. After SIL treatment, the dissolved fractions were selectively separated by a step\u2010wise method using an antisolvent to induce precipitation. The SIL was recycled after concentration and evaporation of anti\u2010solvent. The composition of undissolved wood after MEA\u2010SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010SIL treatment resulted in 80\u2005wt\u2009% cellulose, 10\u2005wt\u2009% hemicelluloses, and 3\u2005wt\u2009% lignin, whereas MEA\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010SIL treatment resulted in 66\u2005wt\u2009% cellulose, 12\u2005wt\u2009% hemicelluloses and 11\u2005wt\u2009% lignin. Thus, the MEA\u2010SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010SIL proved more efficient than the MEA\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010SIL, and a better solvent for lignin removal. All fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT\u2010IR), <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201300773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T01:51:01Z","timestamp":1394502661000},"page":"1170-1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Switchable Ionic Liquids as Delignification Solvents for Lignocellulosic Materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ikenna","family":"Anugwom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Eta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasi","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"M\u00e4ki\u2010Arvela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Hedenstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Sixta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyri\u2010Pekka","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422003000600015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.19740860903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.197403131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm058014q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hfsg.1981.35.4.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(01)00212-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie801542g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"Ionic liquids in synthesis","author":"Wasserscheid P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b815310h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b822702k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02773810701282330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B607614A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1515\/hf-2011-0226","volume":"66","author":"Anugwom I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/4361102a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ra00154j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","volume-title":"Wood Chemistry. 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