{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:23:21Z","timestamp":1788870201267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001358","name":"National Environment Agency, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ETRP 1002 103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETRP 1002 103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) Prime Minister\u2019s Office, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this work, CdS quantum dots (QDs) supported on Ga\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    are applied for visible\u2010light\u2010driven H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    evolution from aqueous solutions that contain lactic acid. With Pt as the cocatalyst, the H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    evolution rates on CdS\/Pt\/Ga\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CdS\/Pt\/In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    are as high as 995.8 and 1032.2\u2005\u03bcmol\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, under visible light (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;420\u2005nm) with apparent quantum efficiencies of 43.6 and 45.3\u2009% obtained at 460\u2005nm, respectively. These are much higher than those on Pt\/CdS (108.09\u2005\u03bcmol\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), Pt\/Ga\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.12\u2005\u03bcmol\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and Pt\/In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.05\u2005\u03bcmol\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The photocatalysts have been characterized thoroughly and their band structures and photocurrent responses have been measured. The band alignment between the CdS QDs and In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    can lead to interfacial charge separation, which cannot occur between the CdS QDs and Ga\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Among the various possible factors that contribute to the high H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    evolution rates on CdS\/Pt\/oxide, the surface properties of the metal oxides play important roles, which include (i)\u2005the anchoring of CdS QDs and Pt nanoparticles for favorable interactions and (ii)\u2005the efficient trapping of photogenerated electrons from the CdS QDs because of surface defects (such as oxygen defects) based on photoluminescence and photocurrent studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201402334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T17:34:06Z","timestamp":1405704846000},"page":"2537-2544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots Supported on Gallium and Indium Oxide for Visible\u2010Light\u2010Driven Hydrogen Evolution from 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