{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:10:53Z","timestamp":1790795453171,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"CatchBio program","award":["053.70.732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["053.70.732"]}]},{"name":"Smart Mix program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs"},{"name":"Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The catalytic hydrotreatment of humins, which are the solid byproducts from the conversion of C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> sugars (glucose, fructose) into 5\u2010hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA), by using supported ruthenium catalysts has been investigated. Reactions were carried out in a batch setup at elevated temperatures (400\u2009\u00b0C) by using a hydrogen donor (formic acid (FA) in isopropanol (IPA) or hydrogen gas), with humins obtained from <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose. Humin conversions of up to 69\u2009% were achieved with Ru\/C and FA, whereas the performance for Ru on alumina was slightly poorer (59\u2009% humin conversion). Humin oils were characterized by using a range of analytical techniques (GC, GC\u2013MS, GCxGC, gel permeation chromatography) and were shown to consist of monomers, mainly alkyl phenolics (&gt;45\u2009% based on compounds detectable by GC) and higher oligomers. A reaction network for the reaction is proposed based on structural proposals for humins and the main reaction products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201501371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T17:31:27Z","timestamp":1454434287000},"page":"951-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Humins in Mixtures of Formic Acid\/2\u2010Propanol with Supported Ruthenium Catalysts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yuehu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG University of Groningen  Nijenborg 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG University of Groningen  Nijenborg 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan","family":"Kloekhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG University of Groningen  Nijenborg 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hero Jan","family":"Heeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG University of Groningen  Nijenborg 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crci.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b922014c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cs15124j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01067A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3GC41935E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie061186z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3GC41365A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b518176c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300182k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201100648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/sc5003769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(99)00047-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1205\/cherd05038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"The Biofine Process\u2014Production of Levulinic Acid, Furfural, and Formic Acid from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks","author":"Hayes D. 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