{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1792102598715,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,26]],"date-time":"2017-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503705600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-EE0006709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-EE0006709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inorganic metal oxide electron\u2010transport layers (ETLs) have the potential to yield perovskite solar cells with improved stability, but generally need high temperature to form conductive and defect\u2010less forms, which is not compatible with the fabrication of flexible and tandem solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a facile strategy for developing efficient inorganic ETLs by doping SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocrystals (NCs) with a small amount of Sb using a low\u2010temperature solution\u2010processed method. The electrical conductivity was remarkably enhanced by Sb\u2010doping, which increased the carrier concentration in Sb:SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NCs. Moreover, the upward shift of the Fermi level owing to doping results in improved energy level alignment, which led to reduced charge recombination, and thus longer electron recombination lifetime and improved open\u2010circuit voltage (\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OC<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Therefore, Sb\u2010doping of SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly enhanced the photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite devices by increasing the fill factor and\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OC<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and reducing photocurrent hysteresis, extending the potential application of low\u2010temperature\u2010processed ETLs in future flexible and tandem solar cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201600944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T05:16:51Z","timestamp":1472188611000},"page":"2686-2691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Low Temperature Solution\u2010Processed Sb:SnO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Nanocrystals for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-Lincoln  Lincoln USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja809598r"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/ncpv\/images\/efficiency\u2002chart.jpg."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201501659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b12849"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE02608C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b01994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201501264"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp509183k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"4710","volume":"6","author":"Shin S. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA01207D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2015.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2004.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA09520D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Zhu Y. Bai X. Liu C.-C. Chueh S. Yang A.\u2005K.\u2005Y. Jen Adv. Mater.2016 DOI:10.1002\/adma.201600619.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B914721G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm402462m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00352K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3245333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm902189r"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200903114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01123e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2015.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201401685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b10614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01138D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4899051"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcssc.201600944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcssc.201600944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201600944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.201600944","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201600944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201600944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:32:12Z","timestamp":1760344332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.201600944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.201600944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.201600944","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}