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The interaction between catalyst composition, morphology, substrate, and deposition media was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis at \u22122.0\u2005V versus Ag\/AgCl for 2\u2005h in 0.5\u2009<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> KHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. The catalysts were analyzed before and after electrolysis by using SEM and XRD to determine the mechanisms of Faradaic efficiency loss and degradation. Catalysts that are mainly Sn with 15\u201335\u2005at\u2009% Pb generated Faradaic efficiencies up to 95\u2009% with a stable performance. However, pure Sn catalysts showed high initial stage formate production rates but experienced an extensive (up to 30\u2009%) decrease of the Faradaic efficiency. The XRD results demonstrated the presence of polycrystalline SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> after electrolysis using Sn\u2013Pb catalysts with 35\u2005at\u2009% Pb and its absence in the case of pure Sn. It is proposed that the presence of Pb (15\u201335\u2005at\u2009%) in mainly Sn catalysts stabilized SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, which is responsible for the enhanced Faradaic efficiency and catalytic durability in the ERC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201700761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T22:08:44Z","timestamp":1498774124000},"page":"3512-3519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Tuning the Composition of Electrodeposited Bimetallic Tin\u2013Lead Catalysts for Enhanced Activity and Durability in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Formate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Colin E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Clean Energy Research Centre University of British Columbia  2360 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u0151d L.","family":"Gyenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Clean Energy Research Centre University of British Columbia  2360 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Group\u2005III, to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-011-0715-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(98)00146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic502675a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0566679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201501013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA06348A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2013.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/sc400520x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jim.7000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2017.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Adv. 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