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However, the interface between electron\u2010transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite layers is crucial for the development of highly efficient flexible PSCs. We report a drastically improved solar cell efficiency through surface optimization of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ETLs by using a simple and inexpensive ionic compound that shows high optical transparency and superior electron mobility. Solution\u2010derived TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocrystalline films are employed at low temperatures as ETLs through solution processing. The modification of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>Cl can increase the interactions between the surface and organic\u2013inorganic hybrid perovskites; Cl anions lead to a stronger interfacial coupling between TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and perovskite. Ammonium cations tend to combine with perovskite. Due to this strong combined effect of the ionic compound, the efficiency of PSC from low\u2010temperature solution processing reaches 18.71\u2009% on rigid glass\/indium tin oxide (ITO) for an improvement of 12.6\u2009% over a control device using bare TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can reach an efficiency of 17.69\u2009% for the ITO\/PEN substrates. This work contributes to the evolution of flexible PSCs with simple fabrication and high device performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201801978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T12:29:23Z","timestamp":1537878563000},"page":"4131-4138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["High\u2010Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Effective Interfacial Optimization Processed at Low Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3764-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Changzhou University  Changzhou 213164 Jiangsu PR China"},{"name":"Micro\/Nano Science &amp; Technology Center Jiangsu University  Zhenjiang 212013 PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuguang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Changzhou University  Changzhou 213164 Jiangsu PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shubo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Changzhou University  Changzhou 213164 Jiangsu PR 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