{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:34:56Z","timestamp":1790703296861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21676243, 21476204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21676243, 21476204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The simultaneous conversion of C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> mixed sugars into methyl levulinate (MLE) has emerged as a versatile strategy to eliminate costly separation steps. However, the traditional upgrading of C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> sugars into MLE is very complex as it requires both acid\u2010catalyzed and hydrogenation processes. This study concerns the development of a one\u2010pot, hydrogenation\u2010free conversion of C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> sugars into MLE over different acid catalysts at near\u2010critical methanol conditions with the help of 1,3,5\u2010trioxane. For the conversion of C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> sugars over zeolites without the addition of 1,3,5\u2010trioxane, the MLE yield is quite low, owing to low hydrogenation activity. The addition of 1,3,5\u2010trioxane significantly boosts the MLE yield by providing an alternative conversion pathway that does not include the hydrogenation step. A direct comparison of the catalytic performance of five different zeolites reveals that H\u03b2 zeolite, which has high densities of both Lewis and Br\u00f8nsted acid sites, affords the highest MLE yield. With the addition of 1,3,5\u2010trioxane, the hydroxymethylation of furfural derivative and formaldehyde is a key step. Notably, the simultaneous conversion of C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> sugars catalyzed by H\u03b2 zeolite can attain an MLE yield as high as 50.4\u2009% when the reaction conditions are fully optimized. Moreover, the H\u03b2 zeolite catalyst can be reused at least five times without significant change in performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201902096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T09:52:27Z","timestamp":1565949147000},"page":"4400-4404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Simultaneous Conversion of C<sub>5<\/sub> and C<sub>6<\/sub> Sugars into Methyl Levulinate with the Addition of 1,3,5\u2010Trioxane"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xilei","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310027 China"},{"name":"School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy Arizona State University  551 E. Tyler Mall Tempe AZ 85287 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310027 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Okejiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry The University of Tennessee  Knoxville TN 37916 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310027 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy Arizona State University  551 E. 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