{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:10:40Z","timestamp":1787314240642,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1932168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1932168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006206","name":"Biological and Environmental Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-05CH1123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05CH1123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are usually produced from lignin solution through supersaturation. The structure of the lignin in solution is still poorly understood due to structural variability of isolated lignins. Here, lignins were extracted from different plants to establish a general pattern of their structure in several lignin solvents. Lignin molecules (lignin subunits) and larger aggregates were observed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 0.1\u2005N NaOD solutions by small\u2010angle neutron scattering (SANS). It was proposed that the aggregates were composed of lignin subunits with a higher molecular weight and a higher ratio of the aliphatic to phenolic hydroxyl groups. The size, shape, and compactness are important factors that affect the uses of the LNPs, which were obtained from the SANS data for the first time. A discrepancy in the radius between SANS and DLS was discovered, pointing to a large hydration shell around the LNPs in aqueous solutions. The cytotoxicity of the corncob lignin, kraft lignin, and their LNPs were measured and compared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202201230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T11:48:55Z","timestamp":1659440935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Determination of the Structures of Lignin Subunits and Nanoparticles in Solution by Small\u2010Angle Neutron Scattering: Towards Improving Lignin Valorization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology  North 3rd Ring East, # 15 100029 Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University  100084 Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology  North 3rd Ring East, # 15 100029 Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center  523803 Dongguan P. R. China"},{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science  100049 Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center  523803 Dongguan P. R. China"},{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science  100049 Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center  523803 Dongguan P. R. China"},{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science  100049 Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deconstruction Division Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI)  5885 Hollis Street 94608 Emeryville CA USA"},{"name":"Sandia National Laboratories  7011 East Ave 94551 Livermore CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology  North 3rd Ring East, # 15 100029 Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.126696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202002553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2020.101344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2018.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC01684A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MH00798F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202000783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202100896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC02872C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2019.100788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2020.100320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC01606C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3gc42131g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5GC01436K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC01813K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC00096E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2020.107685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b01364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201806912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-017-0876-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b03535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c21256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC02835H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NA00042E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC03632C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.1c05319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202101356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b01652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b01088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.202000122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC04058D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC03651C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC00377H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b02585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c01262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la300938b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA13485D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201901427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC00944E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c01101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b10720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC00926A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC01812F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm200948r"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma801370q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cp23460b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c05119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00375C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA08716K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf062433c"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202201230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.202201230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202201230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202201230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:25:08Z","timestamp":1760387108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.202201230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.202201230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.202201230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202201230"}}