{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:56:20Z","timestamp":1792220180006,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Catalyst development for upgrading bio\u2010based chemicals towards primary amines has increasingly attracted owing to their applications in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries. The surface acidic sites in metal oxide\u2010based catalysts play a key role in the reductive amination of aldehydes\/ketones involving H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; however, the crucial role of the type of surface acidic species and their strength remains unclear. Herein, this study exhibits the catalytic reductive amination of furfural (FUR) to furfurylamine (FUA) with Ru supported on tetragonal (Ru\/T\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and monoclinic (Ru\/M\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Ru\/T\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited an 11.8\u2010fold higher rate of reductive amination than Ru\/M\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , giving a quantitative yield of FUA (99\u2009%) at 80\u2009\u00b0C in 2.5\u2005h and is recyclable up to four runs. Catalyst surface investigation using spectroscopic techniques, like X\u2010ray photoelectron, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Raman, confirm higher oxygen vacancy sites (1.6 times) on the surface of Ru\/T\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    compared to Ru\/M\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Moreover, in\u2010situ NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy studies display that Ru\/T\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    has more moderate Bronsted acidic sites (surface H\u2010bonded hydroxyl groups) than Ru\/M\u2010ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Further, the controlled experiments and poisoning studies with KSCN and 2,6\u2010lutidine suggest the crucial role of O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    sites (Lewis acidic sites) and surface hydroxyl groups (Bronsted acidic sites) for selective FUA formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202401277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T06:11:11Z","timestamp":1723097471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Surface Acidic Species\u2010Driven Reductive Amination of Furfural with Ru\/T\u2010ZrO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kanika","family":"Saini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)  Sector-81 (Knowledge City) Mohali, Punjab 140 306 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasarao","family":"Arulananda Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali  Sector-81 (Knowledge City) Mohali, Punjab 140 306 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3980-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunmugavel","family":"Saravanamurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)  Sector-81 (Knowledge City) Mohali, Punjab 140 306 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b02577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845699611.5.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2016.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050989d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13946-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14419\/ijac.v3i2.5048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202200107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC01869D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23429-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal13030528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201901269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5GC01352F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40242-023-3216-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC03578A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.148704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2023.115285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2021.111667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-015-2334-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u2005Y. 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