{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:47:58Z","timestamp":1785134878847,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resorcinol\u2010formaldehyde based carbon aerogel (CA) has been tailored to meet the requirements as a Fe\u2212N\u2212C carbon support, aiming to provide sufficient, inexpensive cathode catalysts for high\u2010temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT\u2013PEMFCs). Therefore, different treatments of the aerogel are explored for optimal pore structure and incorporation of surface functionalities, which are crucial for Fe\u2212N\u2212C synthesis and electrochemical performance. Fe\u2212N\u2212Cs of differently modified aerogel are investigated in phosphoric acid electrolyte. The results show that HNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> treatment for 5\u2005h yields the Fe\u2212N\u2212C with highest mass activity and selectivity, attributed to the highest amount of nitrogen functionalities revealed by energy dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy (XPS) and proper Fe\u2212N<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> site formation. HNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> oxidation for 2\u2005h leads to Fe\u2212N\u2212C with slightly lower oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and selectivity. In contrast, the Fe\u2212N\u2212C synthesized from CA with H<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> treatment shows negligible ORR activity. The feasibility of one\u2010step activation and carbonization treatment with K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and, for the first time, with K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and melamine is proven as the obtained Fe\u2212N\u2212Cs exhibit promising ORR activity. The results are compared with the commercial Fe\u2212N\u2212C PMF\u2010014401. This study contributes to the advancement of cost\u2010efficient HT\u2010PEMFCs by optimizing Fe\u2212N\u2212C catalyst properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202401843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T01:48:41Z","timestamp":1733708921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Aerogel Modification for Fe\u2212N\u2212C Activity and Stability towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Phosphoric Acid Electrolyte"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Zierdt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Building Energetics Thermotechnology and Energy Storage (IGTE) University of Stuttgart  Pfaffenwaldring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Aerogels and Aerogel Composites German Aerospace Center (DLR),Linder H\u00f6he, 51147  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"M\u00fcller\u2013H\u00fclstede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0414-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Buscherm\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry Carl von Ossietzky University  Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9\u201311 26129 Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Schonvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kr\u00f6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Aerogels and Aerogel Composites German Aerospace Center (DLR),Linder H\u00f6he, 51147  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6329-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Schwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Aerogels and Aerogel Composites German Aerospace Center (DLR),Linder H\u00f6he, 51147  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Milow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Aerogels and Aerogel Composites German Aerospace Center (DLR),Linder H\u00f6he, 51147  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Andreas Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Building Energetics Thermotechnology and Energy Storage (IGTE) University of Stuttgart  Pfaffenwaldring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Pfaffenwaldring 38\u201340, 70569 Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918-023-00180-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2015.12.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2016.06.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202302207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2022.231529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2021.100847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.03.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Mukerjee P. Atanassov B. Zulevi R. Pavlicek S. Pann E. de\u2005Castro L. Lipp Innovative Non-PGM Catalysts for High-Temperature PEMFCs 2017.","DOI":"10.2172\/1511038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-022-5314-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c02111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b00390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b01584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2023.141934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14010045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sus2.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.201800093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202300549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12678-020-00633-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c05394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-016-0113-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201303902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.2c00375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.09.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24308-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE01013H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-023-01062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.1611709jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6b00643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2018.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201802066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA03986F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal13020343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.201000151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c05222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE00877B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201901242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.1c01018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202103824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b07653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c02941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.1001606jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201912451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202300583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-015-3060-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c01136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.02.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c02930"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202401843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T11:15:01Z","timestamp":1760440501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.202401843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.202401843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.202401843","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202401843"}}