{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T21:21:01Z","timestamp":1784928061738,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The long\u2010term operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a major hurdle for commercialization, primarily due to bulk defects and ion migration within the perovskite layer. In this work, dimethylphenacylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMPSBF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) as a novel bulk passivating agent for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) perovskite films is explored. Despite a reduction in film crystallinity upon incorporation of DMPSBF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, treated films exhibit enhanced photophysical properties and improved moisture stability. Time\u2010resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal longer carrier lifetimes, suggesting effective suppression of non\u2010radiative recombination pathways. Solid\u2010state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the formation of chemical interactions between DMPSBF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and the perovskite lattice, providing insights into its passivation mechanism. Moreover, stability studies demonstrate that DMPSBF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010treated films maintain enhanced moisture stability under ambient conditions over extended periods. These findings underscore the potential of sulfonium\u2010based additives as promising alternatives to conventional ammonium\u2010based compounds for enhancing bulk passivation and long\u2010term stability in PSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202500931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T08:34:28Z","timestamp":1755506068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cell Stability and Performance via Bulk Passivation with Sulfonium\u2010Based Passivators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"},{"name":"Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell Jun Jie","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Furuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University  21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University  21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingchi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham R.","family":"Abuzeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jogi","family":"Paul Erinjeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University  Research Techno Plaza Singapore 637553 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze Chien","family":"Sum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University  21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5234-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nripan","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"},{"name":"Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"484\u2013502","volume":"7","author":"Wu S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-022-00325-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201903106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600669"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0150873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56068-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2024.101815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2025.101880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.3867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2024.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2023.233011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0192-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"3233\u20133255","volume":"14","author":"Cheng Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"628\u2013654","volume":"15","author":"Miah M. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MA00828B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"509\u2013544","volume":"18","author":"Tao J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10985-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"11867\u201311876","volume":"7","author":"Wang S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c02656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"832\u2013840","volume":"107","author":"Zhai M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"3754\u20133765","volume":"9","author":"Choi Y. W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36918-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"2022\u20132032","volume":"65","author":"Qi W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/solr.202301082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"4526\u20134533","volume":"9","author":"Wu P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"1612\u20131621","volume":"6","author":"Lee S. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"582\u2013599","volume":"4","author":"Wu G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"898","volume-title":"Science","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1229\u20131239","volume":"8","author":"Wang M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c15520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"805\u2013820","volume":"13","author":"Kim B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"159\u2013167","volume":"9","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/solr.202100879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-023-01421-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SE00560J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c09902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.2c03861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202105883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"1\u20139","volume":"80","author":"He D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"4612\u20134624","volume":"15","author":"Wu T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202418626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202302462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"653\u2013662","volume":"14","author":"Wang P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201808833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2019.116981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-023-01204-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202101823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201707583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2019.105387"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44644-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1351\/PAC-REC-10-01-02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SC03792K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.3c02376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"10798\u201310810","volume":"16","author":"Tao J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.07.147"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202500931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T13:59:59Z","timestamp":1759327199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.202500931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.202500931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.202500931","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202500931"}}