{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:20:38Z","timestamp":1775740838998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aromatic aldehydes hold significant value in food additives and the valorization of biorefineries. This study investigated the oxidative conversion of five guaiacol\u2010type compounds\u2014eugenol, isoeugenol, ferulic acid, 4\u2010ethyl\u20102\u2010methoxyphenol, and 2\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010propylphenol\u2014to vanillin in sodium hydroxide and nitrobenzene solutions. We thoroughly examined the effects of temperature, oxidant, and C4 substituents on vanillin yield. Our results demonstrate that at 180\u00b0C for 1\u2009h, eugenol and isoeugenol, both possessing alkenyl functional groups, exhibited exceptionally high vanillin yields of 90.8% and 91.7%, respectively. In contrast, 4\u2010ethyl\u20102\u2010methoxyphenol and 2\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010propylphenol, featuring saturated side chains, yielded significantly lower amounts of vanillin, at 36.8% and 24.7%, respectively. Further density functional theory calculations confirmed that the alkenyl side chain and strong structural symmetry of the C4 substituent in guaiacol\u2010type compounds lead to lower reaction energy barriers, thereby facilitating the reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202501683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1765885903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing Vanillin Production From Guaiacol\u2010Type Precursors: An Integrated Experimental and Computational Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ding","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu University  Zhenjiang Jiangsu 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