{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:09:48Z","timestamp":1790208588372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In a previous work, equations were reported to estimate global warming potential (GWP, kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009kg product\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of (bio)catalytic reactions, using substrate loadings and conversions. The approach is useful for reactions with similar mass\u2010to\u2010mass proportion (substrate to product). For processes with mass\u2010to\u2010mass change, or for fermentations, where the relationship substrate to product is elusive, GWP equations using product titers are more straightforward. This article introduces such product\u2010titers\u2010based GWP equations estimating the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    released from energy (up\u2010 and downstream), as well as from the waste treatment, namely wastewater and solvents. Equations are applied to discuss whether aqueous (bio)transformations with product titers of 1\u2009g\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and extractive downstream are sustainable. When effluents are not recycled, &gt;6000\u2009kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009kg product\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    is generated, because large aqueous media (1000\u2009L) and solvents (1000\u20133000\u2009L) are needed for one product kilogram. Even when solvent and water effluents are almost completely recycled (95%), &gt;100\u2009kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009kg product\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    is still generated. For better environmental figures, process intensification with less diluted systems is mandatory. Setting product titers of \u224820\u2009g\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    with large recycling loops (95%) and mild wastewater treatment decrease the overall GWP to \u224810\u2009kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009kg product\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . GWP estimations at early development are useful in improving processes with low TRLs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202501831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:48:11Z","timestamp":1759337291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["(Re)visiting the Sustainability Thresholds: Are Product Titers of 1\u2009g\u2009L\n                    <sup>\u22121<\/sup>\n                    Enough for (Bio)chemical Processes?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Dom\u00ednguez de Mar\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Momentum  SL. Av. Ansite 3, 4\u20106 35011 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2022.102835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2022.100692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fctls.2022.858706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202102709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202006648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2021.100514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201300976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2GC04747K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10071274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2019.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC01537J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2019.730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.200900215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2025.101003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.0c00547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2023.114500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c00266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202202108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.3c00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c03648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2025.102098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.4c00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4GC06452F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2GC03419K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2021.112035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SU00535J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5GC00894H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2014.08.025"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202501831","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T14:43:59Z","timestamp":1763995439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.202501831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.202501831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.202501831","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202501831"}}