{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:08:34Z","timestamp":1791313714665,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Developing sustainable routes to biodegradable polymers from renewable feedstocks is key to reducing reliance on petroleum and mitigating environmental pollution. Amino acids, such as L\u2010alanine, are valuable monomers for biodegradable nylons. Artificial photosynthesis has recently been applied to amino acid synthesis, yet the use of biomass\u2010derived nitrogen sources such as urea in visible\u2010light driven L\u2010alanine synthesis has not yet been explored. Here, we present a novel artificial photosynthetic system that converts urea and pyruvate, both biomass\u2010derived compounds, into L\u2010alanine under visible light. In this system, a visible light\u2010driven NADH regeneration system consisting of triethanolamine (TEOA), zinc\n                    <jats:italic>meso<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tetra(4\u2010sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin tetrasodium salt (ZnTPPS\n                    <jats:sup>4\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) rhodium 2,2\u2032\u2010bipyridine (bpy) ([Cp*Rh(bpy)(H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O)]\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is integrated with urease (URE), hydrolyzes urea into ammonia, and L\u2010alanine dehydrogenase (AlDH), catalyzes the reductive amination of pyruvate. Under irradiation, the system produced 0.85 mM L\u2010alanine after 24\u2009h (85% yield based on pyruvate). This work represents the first exploration of urea\u2010based, visible\u2010light powered enzymatic L\u2010alanine synthesis, offering a sustainable route to biodegradable polymer precursors from renewable nitrogen and carbon sources.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202502188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:33:27Z","timestamp":1769528007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Hybrid Photo\/Biocatalytic System for the Sustainable Synthesis of L\u2010Alanine From Urea and Pyruvate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka 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