{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:24:35Z","timestamp":1782275075102,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pharmaceutical residues, especially non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are emerging contaminants that hinder sustainable water management and limit wastewater upcycling. In this work, we address the challenge of wastewater upcycling via the scale\u2010up of a hybrid advanced oxidation process (AOP) that couples hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and non\u2010thermal electrical discharge (ED) plasma, and that will enable the in\u2009situ generation of ROS. In order to demonstrate process scalability, the hybrid HC\/ED plasma system was initially validated at pilot scale (600\u2009L\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and subsequently up\u2010scaled to a semi\u2010industrial reactor (3200\u2009L\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), specifically designed starting from the pilot unit. The effective exploitation of HC\/ED plasma synergy led to the process achieving the quantitative degradation of model pollutants, specifically ibuprofen and diclofenac (10\u2009mg\/L), in competitive times (13 passes) and without detectable byproducts, thereby validating the process\u2019 robustness and successful scale\u2010up. Although current wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) recover nutrients from sludge, biologically treated effluents still contain pharmaceutical residues. This work therefore, potentially solves this issue by providing a sustainable strategy for complete wastewater upcycling in WWTPs, delivering safe regenerated water for agricultural and irrigation reuse, while closing the water cycle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202502393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:14:31Z","timestamp":1770264871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Addressing the Challenge of Wastewater Upcycling Through Cavitation\u2013Plasma Synergy: From Pilot to Semi\u2010Industrial Scale"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Verdini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin  Turin (TO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Desogus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin  Turin (TO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8473-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna V.","family":"Kamler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1921-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egor","family":"Mikhalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7846-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartolomeo","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa  Pisa (PI) Largo Lucio Lazzarino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Concari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Food Machinery  Busseto (PR) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Calcio Gaudino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin  Turin (TO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Cravotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin  Turin (TO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010025\u201001635\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122\u2010018\u20100100\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"G.McEneff W.Schmidt andB.Quinn \u201cPharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Short Summary of Current Knowledge and the Potential Impacts on Aquatic Biota and Humans\u201d can be found underhttps:\/\/www.epa.ie\/publications\/research\/water\/Research\u2010142\u2010Report\u2010FINAL.pdf 2015(accessed: September 21 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.109773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2021.138441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2025.100999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201057038\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.159667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.11.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA05034E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14146028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2019.100808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.103721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04340D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1086704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010025\u201036466\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jep.2014.57063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2020.1770869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.128042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.11.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2021.102126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452\u2010025\u201006718\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2023.101096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11072213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201900270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472\u2010765X.2008.02476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9020248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/epjap:2008036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201900126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2025.122321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151813557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3303\/CET25117026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3DD00234A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00353"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202502393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.202502393","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.202502393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1780563767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.202502393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.202502393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.202502393","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202502393"}}