{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:57:00Z","timestamp":1793581020242,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The selective conversion of methane to methanol under mild conditions remains a major challenge due to the high stability of the C\u2013H bond and the propensity for overoxidation. Herein, NiO\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    photocatalysts were synthesized using both commercial nickel precursors and nickel recovered from spent Ni\u2013Cd batteries, providing a sustainable pathway that integrates methane valorization with battery\u2010metal recycling. The battery\u2010derived catalysts PB1 and TB1 achieved methanol formation rates of 2.66 and 6.36\u2009mmol\u2009g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, comparable to those of the commercial counterparts PC1 (2.38\u2009mmol\u2009g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and TC1 (7.31\u2009mmol\u2009g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), demonstrating that recycled nickel can effectively replace commercial nickel without performance loss. Synthesized TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010based catalysts consistently outperformed P25\u2010based materials, and increasing Ni loading correlated positively with methanol formation rate, underscoring the importance of Ni\u2010induced defect engineering. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirmed preservation of the anatase phase alongside the formation of Ti\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and oxygen vacancies, which suppressed electron\u2013hole recombination. Density functional theory calculations revealed that methane activation proceeds via a low\u2010barrier homolytic C\u2013H cleavage pathway on Ni\u2013O sites in the presence of surface hydroxyl species, stabilizing methyl intermediates and favoring selective methanol formation. Ultimately, the combined experimental and theoretical results establish recycled Ni\u2010modified TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a sustainable and mechanistically rational photocatalyst for selective methane\u2010to\u2010methanol conversion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.70738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:25:58Z","timestamp":1779215158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Turning Waste into Value: Photocatalytic Conversion of Methane to Methanol Using NiO\/TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Catalyst Derived from Spent Ni\u2013Cd Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2899-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wibawa 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