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Among emerging renewable synthetic fuels, ethanol is particularly attractive due to its high energy density, favorable handling properties, chemical versatility, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. Thermocatalytic and photocatalytic CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    conversion routes have advanced rapidly, yet challenges in activity, selectivity, and catalytic durability continue to limit large\u2010scale deployment. This review surveys catalytic systems developed for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010to\u2010ethanol conversion, covering both thermocatalytic and light\u2010driven approaches. Proposed reaction mechanisms are discussed with emphasis on how C\uf8ffC coupling pathways depend on alloying, promoter effects, support properties, tandem configurations, and semiconductor design. Catalyst performance is compared across studies, and systems are grouped according to metal abundance and prevalence, highlighting strategies that enhance ethanol selectivity and productivity. Overall, this review integrates experimental performance with mechanistic insights from spectroscopy and theory, provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art, and identifies key challenges and future directions for achieving higher yields, improved selectivity, and long\u2010term stability in renewable ethanol production from captured CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.70790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:03:37Z","timestamp":1781777017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal and Photocatalytic Conversion of CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    to Ethanol: Advances in Catalyst Design, Challenges, and 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