{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:40:33Z","timestamp":1786545633160,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Selective oxidation of 5\u2010hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5\u2010furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) under mild conditions represents a sustainable approach for converting biomass into high\u2010value derivatives. In this work, we report a metal\u2010free photocatalyst, O\u2010doped C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosheets with N vacancies (C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      5\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010O\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ), for visible\u2010light\u2010driven oxidation of HMF to FDCA. Under 415\u2009nm LED irradiation, 1\u2009bar O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and 45\u2009\u00b0C in aqueous medium, this catalyst achieves 96% FDCA yield and retains stable performance over eight cycles. Mechanistic studies reveal that photogenerated holes are the primary species driving the conversion of the intermediate HMFCA to FDCA, while hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen contribute to the initial oxidation step from HMF to HMFCA. The dual defects enhance light absorption, carrier separation, and O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    activation. The catalyst also exhibits broad substrate compatibility, accommodating 20 aromatic aldehydes. This work offers an efficient and sustainable route for biomass valorization under metal\u2010free and mild photocatalytic conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.70904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:16:07Z","timestamp":1784808967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metal\u2010Free Photocatalysis for Oxidation of 5\u2010Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5\u2010Furandicarboxylic Acid Over O\u2010Doped C\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    N\n                    <sub>5<\/sub>\n                    With N Vacancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal Polymer Intelligent Display School of Materials and New Energy Technological Institute of Materials &amp; Energy Science (TIMES) Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal Polymers based Flexible Display Technology in National Petroleum and Chemical Industry Xijing University  Xi\u2019an P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science &amp; Technology  Nanjing jiangsu  P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering Technology, School of Life Sciences Taizhou University  Taizhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4476-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo\u2010Ping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science &amp; Technology  Nanjing jiangsu  P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00213K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c07189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2019.110695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2020.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2024.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-019-0422-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-025-01454-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2021.110778"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c04047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.112763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC03868F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2025.123810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202400779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c09208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.3c08508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201910005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-016-0489-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TA04391J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.141261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.109877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.05.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b00144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(21)63813-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08705B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2023.113773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b00300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201702386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2021.120023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2021.120155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2004.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b00812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2020.e00184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.131260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CY00318K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4GC04928D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.122522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b08861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2025.116364"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.70904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.70904","content-type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