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In recent years, the efficient production of XOS has attracted increasing attention because of its broad applications in food, feed, and health\u2010related sectors. With the rapid development of XOS production technologies, a timely and critical overview of recent progress is needed. This review comprehensively summarizes the current progress in XOS production from lignocellulosic biomass, focusing on feedstock selection, production strategies, purification technologies, applications of XOS, and machine learning\u2010assisted process optimization. The one\u2010step organic acid hydrolysis is a promising XOS production strategy because of its operational simplicity, effective conversion yield, relatively mild reaction conditions, lower corrosion risk, and potential to enable the coproduction of multiple value\u2010added products in biomass biorefineries. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment strategies are also promising approaches for XOS production. 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