{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:19:06Z","timestamp":1787901546980,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Seawater is an abundant source of critical minerals, but low concentrations make mining uneconomical. Coupling seawater mining with other ocean\u2010based processes could improve economic feasibility. Here, we investigate coupling it to bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED), an emerging technology developed for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)\u2014a marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) pathway. BPMED generates acid and base from seawater, which are key inputs for mineral extraction. Using a demonstration\u2010scale BPMED system, we characterized and identified mineral\u2010rich streams within the process for Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    recovery. Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    was extracted using an inorganic sorbent (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    TiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) regenerated with BPMED acid, while high\u2010purity Mg(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was selectively precipitated using BPMED base via a laminar coflow method. Our results show that Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    extraction from natural seawater using BPMED\u2010sourced acid\/base streams provide performance comparable to that obtained using commercial acid\/base solutions. Preliminary cost\u2013benefit assessments show that Mg(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    extraction could generate positive net revenue, but Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    recovery is uneconomical relative to the value of Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    recovery. Importantly, the alkaline effluent post\u2010Mg(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    recovery retains alkalinity relevant to OAE under tested conditions. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility and benefits of integrating mCDR with seawater mining to advance sustainable ocean\u2010based climate solutions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.70948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:34:11Z","timestamp":1786538051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Extraction of Magnesium and Lithium Compounds from Seawater Using Byproducts of Demonstration\u2010Scale Bipolar Membrane\u00a0Electrodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-1571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingpu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Richland Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Richland Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0100-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinmayee V.","family":"Subban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Richland Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EW00268D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c03005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE00354B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2014.946720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.06.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie000911h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202401600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00131-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08117-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-022-00153-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c03873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202202345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"P.Agbo K.An S. 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