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In recent years, MOF\u2010derived materials can effectively address the intrinsic limitations of conventional electrode materials, such as low electrical conductivity, sluggish ion diffusion, structural instability, and insufficient active sites. According to their compositional characteristics, MOF\u2010derived materials can generally be classified into three categories: MOF\u2010derived carbon materials, MOF\u2010derived metal compounds, and MOF\u2010derived metal\/carbon composites. This review covers representative studies published from 2014 to 2026 across these three material categories. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on these three classes of MOF\u2010derived materials in lithium\u2010ion batteries (LIBs), zinc\u2010ion batteries (ZIBs), and supercapacitors, with a focus on their preparation strategies, structure\u2013property relationships, and mechanisms for enhancing electrochemical performance. 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