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In this study, we controllably introduced oxygen vacancy (O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) into TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    via H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction to regulate the assembly of Pd atoms for furfural decarbonylation. The optimized Pd\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst with smaller Pd clusters and a suitable oxygen vacancy concentration achieved a 99.9% furfural conversion and a 92.4% furan selectivity at 200\u2009\u00b0C and 0.3\u2009MPa N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    pressure, showing high catalytic performance under relatively mild conditions. Structural characterizations revealed that oxygen vacancies acted as anchoring sites for Pd species, and an appropriate vacancy concentration favored the formation of highly dispersed Pd clusters rather than larger Pd nanoparticles. Comprehensive structural and electronic analyses revealed strong interactions between Pd species and oxygen\u2010vacant TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , leading to the formation of Pd\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010O\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010Ti interfacial sites. These interfacial sites promote carbonyl activation and CO elimination, while adjacent Pd\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    sites facilitated H transfer to produce furan. This work not only develops a highly efficient and tunable Pd\u2010based catalyst for the furfural decarbonylation, but also provides a versatile strategy for optimizing catalytic interface via oxygen vacancies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.71093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:28:54Z","timestamp":1791480534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Highly Active Pd Clusters Enabled With Controllable Oxygen Vacancy for the Synergistic Decarbonylation of Furfural to Furan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xinru","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering 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