{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:52:36Z","timestamp":1791172356356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001671","name":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IHCH1890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IHCH1890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Platinum group metal\u2010free catalysts have attracted significant attention due to the high cost and scarcity of iridium for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media. However, the fundamental understanding of catalyst formation and active species under acidic conditions remains limited. In this work, iron\u2013manganese oxide catalysts based on  were synthesized via a hydrothermal approach followed by calcination. The as\u2010prepared materials consist of poorly crystalline Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/FeOOH and MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    phases that transform into a disordered mixed\u2010metal oxide upon thermal treatment. Raman spectroscopy supported by quantum\u2010chemical calculations indicates the formation of a solid solution in which Mn induces lattice distortion and partial disruption of Fe\u2500O\u2500Fe bonding within the hematite structure. The highest OER activity and stability are obtained after calcination at 350\u2009\u00b0C, corresponding to an optimum degree of structural disorder for adsorption processes. Operando Raman spectroscopy reveals potential\u2010dependent spectral changes, including the emergence of a band at \u2248450\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and enhanced intensity at \u2248610\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , indicating the formation of high\u2010valent surface species during OER operation. These findings suggest cooperative Fe\u2013Mn interactions and a possible role for substitution\u2010induced structural disorder in promoting OER activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.71101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1791170579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insights Into the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on an Mn\u2010Bearing Hematite Electrocatalyst in an Acidic Electrolyte"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5502-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz Karl","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5203-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eeva\u2010Leena","family":"Rautama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Moumaneix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina","family":"Kalachikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9561-4546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nastaran","family":"Farrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3929-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangze","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4187-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti J.","family":"Karttunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Kallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Material Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696\u2010024\u201003403\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202500110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3qm00010a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.04.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ee01486d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.9b01796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201608601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.172461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400544s"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202405399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4sc08400d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010024\u201001266\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c00837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106463\/aaba99"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2018.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9cc01369e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b02689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889811038970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Y.Khristoforova L.Bratchenko andI.Bratchenko \u201cCombination of Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: A Review of Recent Studies Published in the Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Journal \u201d preprint ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2210.10051 October 18 2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2210.10051."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2011.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.5824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.0c03751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.6309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20104555(199905)30:5<355::AID\u2010JRS398>3.0.CO;2\u2010C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"Y.Xin Z.Ling H.Cao C.Liu andH.Bai \u201cMorphology Structural and Spectra Characterizations of Lab\u2010Synthesized Manganese Oxides Relevant to Mars \u201d in52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference(2021) 1955 https:\/\/www.hou.usra.edu\/meetings\/lpsc2021\/pdf\/1955.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2013.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2000.0480504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2021.122683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201802463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202209876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"ICDD PDF\u20105 and JADE Software International Centre for Diffraction Data(2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051\u2010014\u20102362\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoso.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2019.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402\u20104896\/ad48cd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"X\u2010Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Part II: Sample Preparation","volume":"29","author":"Anzelmo J. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spectroscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0567739476001551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ma00591d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2022.126065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022\u20103727\/44\/34\/345002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp110407n"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2020.114282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106463\/abd9a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.141939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c02849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3cp02384b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst15010085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202001756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6ee01222a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.149124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ra16028b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja511559d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201042646\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202100730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202014551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.134457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.2c02055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.478522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.2c00958"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b508541a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.13.5188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4767438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4824442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ta10103j"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","unstructured":"B. A.Boukamp EquivalentCircuit (Equivcrt. pas).(University of Twente Department of Chemical Technology 1989)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5006\/1.3280607"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.71101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.71101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.71101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:23:08Z","timestamp":1791170588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.71101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.71101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.71101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71101"}}