{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:38:43Z","timestamp":1792478323639,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":230,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52572251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52572251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The imminent retirement of large batches of lithium\u2010ion batteries poses a critical challenge to sustainable resource management. While present recycling technologies have demonstrated certain advantages over conventional metallurgical methods, the comprehensive assessment of their environmental impacts has introduced additional requirements. These include adherence to the principles of closed\u2010loop processing, minimized waste streams, and high\u2010value\u2010added recovery. Herein, we offer a summarizing framework that emphasizes the integrated utilization of spent batteries, thereby shifting the research focus from maximizing extraction efficiency toward achieving holistic sustainability. By analyzing the evolution of reutilization strategies, we identify that complex separation processes generate nontrivial carbon footprints and water consumption. This review consolidates these critical aspects, with the aim of encouraging a more balanced perspective that considers both material recovery efficiency and battery upcycling potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.71122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T10:43:16Z","timestamp":1791628996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Integrated Upcycling of Lithium\u2010Ion Battery: Advances and Outlooks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jingkun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6375-2525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9812-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010024\u201001351\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ee00162d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918\u2010024\u201000220\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570\u2010024\u201000616\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3cs00898c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045754\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201052030\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202513547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2026.120971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202418198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/microstructures.2023.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ee00746d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ee02149b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202403818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2026.127859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.103025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017\u2010022\u201000387\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08827508.2024.2367420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh5131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202103288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3gc04315k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2026.108955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202002238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202502485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c01244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613\u2010023\u20102807\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/cf.2024.9200017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201061569\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2008.01.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010025\u201000816\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.129558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202401197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010024\u201001412\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202502176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202208034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201008465\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c01539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045091\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202408463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2024.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.148516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc03333k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d6cs00208k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.159920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c22606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596\u2010025\u201001234\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201067496\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202517293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202314160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ee02759a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598\u2010023\u201002572\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtsust.2024.100957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2020.e00230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c11552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202402560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202401489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202510124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202503677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2026.122699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2021.100821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814\u2010025\u201000393\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202503450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202400248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202418963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.202400124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2202202119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2025.108466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.141301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202400105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5GC00745C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2026.104971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2577325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.128967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201054503\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2024.123405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.5c01901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202518476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4QI01978D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c02256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5c06641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ee00571b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc03328d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202527711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2025.104542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2026.137855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201069868\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.134858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047024\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010024\u201001505\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.159206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2020.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202509827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21577\/0103\u20105053.20240137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2024.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b00451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202006495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274\u2010022\u20104458\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.111067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC04033A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c00906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.112099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c09434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.131766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS.2024.3364241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b06694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c17263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.234417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4gc02370f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c08968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5cp05042a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202510888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c02444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201062434\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4064629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.139313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.6c00477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ee03021d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010025\u201001539\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2025.104010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.025.202506030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2026.239492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2024.118206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ee01086a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2025.108740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202303424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ee00962f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.128363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2021.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.175442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc03423j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c02488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2025.237528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ee00404g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2025.237720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202514508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.167099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.75903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.169434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2025.e01284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2025.108425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c04317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3gc04166b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.109726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.113308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201050679\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202401010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4gc05048g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc01611h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.133860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.150181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.108711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c09473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010026\u201045690\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c04262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2026.104875"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202519347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2021.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d6se00009f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202502663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19799\/j.cnki.2095\u20104239.2024.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.135329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.71295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202504682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.checat.2026.101654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202401146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.109030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2026.105039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202218672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201072464\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d6gc01668e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5gc02354h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS.2026.3656425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163\u2010025\u201002278\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202400727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/microstructures.2024.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202402126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2025.104309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/batteries12040118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114\u2010026\u201001675\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2026.105347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73177"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.71122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.71122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.71122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:40:43Z","timestamp":1792474843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.71122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"references-count":230,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.71122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.71122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71122"}}