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Herein, the extra chromium (Cr) doping is used to improve the efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells by 49%. The introduction of Cr\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions into the CZTSSe films can promote the cation diffusion, distributing uniformly throughout the film, and help the disappearance of voids at the back interface, increasing its ohmic contact with Mo electrode. The introduction of Cr\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions can limit to generate the deep level defects by forming Cr\n                    <jats:sub>Zn<\/jats:sub>\n                    defects, help to improve the electrical properties of the CZTSSe film, and achieve the improved energy (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) band structure of heterojunction. The introduction of Cr\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions can promote the low\u2010energy photon transitions and transport of more photogenerated carriers. These optimized properties of CZTSSe films ensure that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is improved from 8.48% to 12.61%. This work confirms the good role of Cr\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions doping in optimizing the performance of CZTSSe solar cells, and provides its influence mechanisms of high\u2010performance kesterite photovoltaics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.71135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:18:25Z","timestamp":1791382705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifunctional Optimization Strategy for High\u2010Efficiency Kesterite Cu\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    ZnSn(S, Se)\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    Solar Cell via Cr Doping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuze","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering 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