{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:45:06Z","timestamp":1791999906800,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia provides a promising strategy for coupling nitrate\u2010polluted wastewater remediation with distributed ammonia production, but achieving high performance with reasonable selectivity and stability remains challenging. Herein, a W\u2010modulated NiFeCoRuW high\u2010entropy alloy catalyst is prepared through microfluidic\u2010assisted liquid\u2010phase reduction followed by high\u2010temperature alloying, with W\u2010free NiFeCoRu as the control. Structural and surface analyses reveal that W incorporation modifies the diffraction features, particle\u2010stacking morphology, and core\u2010level electronic states of the NiFeCoRu matrix, indicating local structural distortion and multimetallic electronic coupling rather than simple compositional addition. Benefiting from the W\u2010containing multimetallic environment and increased electrochemically accessible sites, NiFeCoRuW achieves an NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Faradaic efficiency of 98.1% and an NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    yield rate of 162.65\u2009mg\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    mg_cat\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at \u22120.5\u2009V versus RHE, outperforming reported high\u2010entropy\u2010alloy\u2010based NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR catalysts. UV\u2013vis colorimetry and NMR cross\u2010validation support reliable ammonia quantification. In situ DEMS trends and auxiliary free\u2010energy profiles further suggest that W\u2010assisted electronic reconstruction favors nitrate activation and promotes deep reduction involving *NOH\/*N\u2010related intermediates while limiting excessive hydrogen\u2010evolution competition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.71148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:53:49Z","timestamp":1791996829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NiFeCoRuW High\u2010Entropy Alloy With W\u2010Modulated Local Electronic Structure for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhixi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Shanghai Dianji University  Shanghai 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