{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:43:09Z","timestamp":1791549789126,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":92,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014653","name":"Manchester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp;amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has major adverse effects on human health. While the mechanisms responsible for induction of UVR\u2010induced inflammation are well\u2010documented, the mediation of its resolution and longer\u2010term adaptive homeostasis is unknown. Therefore, we examined the skin immune and lipid profile over time following UVR inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the self\u2010resolving events of UVR inflammation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, human skin was exposed to a single pro\u2010inflammatory dose of UVR. Skin biopsies and suction blister fluid were taken at intervals up to 2\u00a0weeks post\u2010UVR. The immune infiltrate was quantified by immunohistochemistry, and lipid mediators were profiled by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified that cellular resolution events including switching of macrophage phenotype apply to human sunburn. However, UVR\u2010induced inflammation in humans involves a post\u2010resolution phase that differs from other experimental models. We demonstrate that 2\u00a0weeks after the initiating UVR stimulus, there is considerable immune activity with CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>GATA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells maintained in human skin. Our results challenge the dogma of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells being the main effector CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell population following UVR, with CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>GATA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells the dominant phenotype. Furthermore, lipid mediators are elevated 14\u00a0days post\u2010UVR, demonstrating the skin lipid microenvironment does not revert to the tissue setting occurring prior to UVR exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have identified for the first time that CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>GATA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>GATA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell subpopulations are recruited to UVR\u2010inflamed human skin, demonstrating discrepancies between the adaptive UVR response in mice and humans. Future strategies to abrogate UVR effects may target these T\u2010cell subpopulations and also the persistent alteration of the lipid microenvironment post\u2010UVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T10:54:44Z","timestamp":1585824884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["UV radiation recruits CD4<sup>+<\/sup>GATA3<sup>+<\/sup> and CD8<sup>+<\/sup>GATA3<sup>+<\/sup> T cells while altering the lipid microenvironment following inflammatory resolution in human skin <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nathan J","family":"Hawkshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne M","family":"Pilkington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon A","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology Division of Pharmacy and Optometry Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah","family":"Al\u2010Gazaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology Division of Pharmacy and Optometry Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel EB","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nicolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology Division of Pharmacy and Optometry Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley E","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester 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