{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:50:07Z","timestamp":1783601407052,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":264,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory muscle disease affecting individuals over the age of 45, leading to progressive muscle wasting, disability and loss of independence. Histologically, IBM is characterised by immune changes including myofibres expressing major histocompatibility complex molecules and invaded by CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and macrophages, and by degenerative changes including protein aggregates organised in inclusion bodies, rimmed vacuoles and mitochondrial abnormalities. There is currently no cure, and regular exercise is currently the only recognised treatment effective at limiting muscle weakening, atrophy and loss of function. Testosterone exerts anti\u2010inflammatory effects, inhibiting effector T\u2010cell differentiation and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, cross\u2010over trial in men with IBM, to assess whether a personalised progressive exercise training combined with application of testosterone, reduced the inflammatory immune response associated with this disease over and above exercise alone. To assess intervention efficacy, we immunophenotyped blood immune cells by flow cytometry, and measured serum cytokines and chemokines by Luminex immunoassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testosterone supplementation resulted in modest yet significant count reduction in the classical monocyte subset as well as eosinophils. Testosterone\u2010independent immunoregulatory effects attributed to exercise included altered proportions of some monocyte, T\u2010 and B\u2010cell subsets, and reduced IL\u201012, IL\u201017, TNF\u2010\u03b1, MIP\u20101\u03b2 and sICAM\u20101 in spite of interindividual variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, our findings indicate anti\u2010inflammatory effects of exercise training in IBM patients, whilst concomitant testosterone supplementation provides some additional changes. Further studies combining testosterone and exercise would be worthwhile in larger cohorts and longer testosterone administration periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T13:09:32Z","timestamp":1663852172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Immunoregulatory effects of testosterone supplementation combined with exercise training in men with Inclusion Body Myositis: a double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, cross\u2010over trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6081-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome D","family":"Coudert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University  Murdoch WA Australia"},{"name":"Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational 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