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Uveitis in BD and VKHD can show similar clinical manifestations, but the underlying immunopathogenesis remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To understand immune landscapes in inflammatory eye tissues, we performed single\u2010cell RNA paired with T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of immune cell infiltrates in aqueous humour from six patients with BD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) and VKHD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) uveitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although T cells strongly infiltrated in both types of autoimmune uveitis, myeloid cells only significantly presented in BD uveitis but not in VKHD uveitis. Conversely, VKHD uveitis\u00a0but not BD uveitis showed an overwhelming dominance by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u00a0cells (&gt;\u200980%) within the T cell population due to expansion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell clusters with effector memory (Tem) phenotypes. Correspondingly, VKHD uveitis demonstrated a selective expansion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell clones which were enriched in pro\u2010inflammatory Granzyme H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tem cluster and showed TCR and Th1 pathway activation. In contrast, BD uveitis showed a preferential expansion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell clones in pro\u2010inflammatory Granzyme H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tem cluster, and pathway activation for cytoskeleton remodelling, cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010cell analyses of ocular tissues reveal distinct landscapes of immune cell infiltration and T\u2010cell clonal expansions between VKHD and BD uveitis. Preferential involvements of pro\u2010inflammatory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th1 cells in VKHD and cytotoxic CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in BD suggest a difference in disease immunopathogenesis and can guide precision disease management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T13:25:29Z","timestamp":1694784329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Autoimmune uveitis in Beh\u00e7et's disease and Vogt\u2010Koyanagi\u2010Harada disease differ in tissue immune infiltration and T cell clonality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing 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K","family":"Tuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minglei","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Artificial Intelligence Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunbo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of 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