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We aimed to construct models to predict patient's probability of IVIG retreatment combining children's individual inflammatory characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations of 266 children with KD were retrospectively analysed to build a development cohort data set (DC) and a validation cohort data set (VC). In the DC, binary logistic regression analyses were performed using R language. Nomograms and receiver operating curves were plotted. The concordance index (C index), net reclassification index, integrated discrimination improvement index and confusion matrix were applied to evaluate and validate the models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Models_5V and _9V were established. Both contained variables including the percentages of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u00a0cells, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u00a0cells, CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u00a0cells, levels of interleukin (IL)\u20102R and CRP. Model_9V additionally included variables for IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, NT\u2010proBNP and sex, with a C index of 0.86 (95% CI 0.79\u20130.92). When model_9V was compared with model_5V, the NRI and IDI were 0.15 (95% CI 0.01\u20130.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and 0.07 (95% CI 0.02\u20130.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In the VC, the sensitivity, specificity and precision of model_9V were 1, 0.875 and 0.667, while those of model_5V were 0.833, 0.875 and 0.625.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Model_9V combined cytokine profiles and lymphocyte subsets with clinical characteristics and was superior to model_5V achieving satisfactory predictive power and providing a novel strategy early to identify patients who needed IVIG retreatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T13:32:49Z","timestamp":1710336769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prediction of intravenous immunoglobulin retreatment in\u00a0children with Kawasaki disease using models combining\u00a0lymphocyte subset and cytokine profile in\u00a0an\u00a0East Asian cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 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